空间政策分区的国际经验及对主体功能区战略完善的启示

International Experience of Spatial Policy Zoning and Its Enlightenment to the Improvement of Main Functional Areas Strategy

主体功能区是典型的空间政策分区,在构建国土空间规划与治理体系中具有重要地位。文章首先从自然资源与生态分区、规划利用分区和空间政策分区三个类型回顾了我国空间分区发展历程;其次简述近年来美国、日本和欧盟国家(地区)空间政策分区的实践;然后反思当前主体功能区战略实施的主要问题和矛盾,并结合国土空间规划体系构建与治理能力现代化改革趋向,提出主体功能区政策制度体系创新和完善的方向:(1)推动主体功能区战略与新思想、新理念、新趋势紧密结合;(2)动态调整主体功能区战略并基于尺度差异谋划政策导向;(3)着力完善主体功能区战略“政策包”的系统性;(4)进一步凸显主体功能区战略政策设计的差异性。

The main functional area planning is a typical spatial policy zoning, which plays an important role in the construction of land spatial planning and governance system. Firstly, this paper reviews the development process of China’s spatial zoning from natural resources and ecological zoning, planning and utilization zoning and spatial policy zoning. Secondly, the practices of spatial policy zoning in the United States, Japan and the European Union in recent years are briefly introduced. Finally,the paper reflects on the problems and key contradictions in the implementation of the main functional area planning, and puts forward the direction of innovation and improvement of the policy and system of the main functional area, in combination with the construction of the spatial planning system and the modernization reform trend of the governance capacity:(1) promote the close combination of the strategy of the main functional area with new ideas, concepts and trends;(2) dynamically adjust the strategy of the main functional area, and based on the scale differences to set policy orientation;(3) strive to improve the system of the “policy package” in the main functional area strategy;(4) further highlight the differences in the strategic policy design of the main functional area strategy.