祁连山国家公园青海片区雪豹栖息地适宜性评价

Habitat suitability evaluation of snow leopard(Panthera uncia)in the Qilian Mountain National Park(Qinghai area),China

雪豹是全球生物多样性保护的旗舰物种,精准评估雪豹栖息地质量可为其种群保护提供科学参考。本文选取地形、气候、植被类型和人为干扰等环境因子,采用景观连接度和MaxEnt模型两种方法,对祁连山国家公园青海片区雪豹栖息地质量进行评价。结果表明:高适宜栖息地主要分布在研究区的西部和中部,适宜面积占青海片区总面积的71.8%~77.5%,两种方法预测的适宜栖息地重叠区为8979.1 km^(2),占青海片区总面积的56.7%;39.8%~43.3%的适宜栖息地分布在一般控制区,56.7%~60.2%的适宜栖息地分布在核心保护区;疏勒河源区适宜栖息地面积最多,石羊河源区适宜栖息地面积最少,黑河源区适宜栖息地面积占比最高,约为77.1%~91.8%。适宜栖息地面积整体呈现自东向西递增的趋势。一般控制区分布有较大面积的雪豹栖息地,人类活动将是一般控制区雪豹栖息地的潜在威胁。本研究对优化雪豹就地保护措施提供科学借鉴与参考。

Snow leopard(Panthera uncia)is a flagship species for global biodiversity conservation.Accurate assessment of snow leopard habitat quality can provide scientific reference for population conservation.In this study,we assess the habitat suitability of snow leopards in the Qilian Mountain National Park(Qinghai area)using landscape connectivity analyses and MaxEnt model.The main environmental factors such as topography,climate,landcover type,and human disturbance were selected.The results showed that highly suitable habitat was mainly distributed in the west and middle of the study area,which comprisesand 71.8%-77.5%of the Qinghai area.The overlap area of the suitable habitat predicted by the two methods was 8979.1 km^(2),representing 56.7%of the Qinghai area.The suitable habitat accounts for 39.8%-43.3%of the general control area and 56.7%-60.2%of the core reserve.The maximum area of suitable habitat is distributed in the Shule River Basin and the minimal area is distributed in the Shiyang River Basin.The highest proportion of suitable habitat is located in the Heihe River Basin,which was about 77.1%-91.8%.The suitable habitat showed an increasing trend from east to west and we detected a large area of snow leopard habitat in the general control area.Human activities will be a potential threat to the snow leopard habitat in the general control area.This study provides a scientific reference for optimizing in situ protection measures for snow leopards.