金融科技对商业银行盈利能力的影响

The Impact of Fintech upon the Profitability of Commercial Banks

基于2011-2020年308家中国商业银行专利数据,结合搜索引擎技术构建银行个体层面金融科技指数,本文实证探究了金融科技对商业银行盈利能力的影响。研究发现:金融科技显著促进了银行盈利能力的提升;进一步使用双重差分(DID)、Heckman两阶段、工具变量等方法检验后,结论依然稳健,金融科技带来的收益效应大于其成本效应。机制分析表明,金融科技通过提高结算效率等“节流”措施、创新业务模式等“开源”措施综合并举,继而实现盈利能力提升。最后,本文提出大型国有银行应创新相对灵活的业务和研发机制、股份制商业行应不断深化“开源”机制、城商行应充分挖掘城市生活的个性化场景、农商行应尝试借助外部力量进行系统研发,并建议政府部门统筹规划全国性信息共享平台,降低各相关机构的重复研发成本。

Based on the patent data of 308 Chinese commercial banks from 2011 to 2020, combined with the search engine technology, this paper constructs the individual financial technology index of banks, and empirically explores the impact of financial technology on the profitability of commercial banks. It is found that financial technology has significantly promoted the improvement of bank profitability;After further testing by difference-in-difference(DID), Heckman two-stage and instrumental variables, the conclusion is still stable, and the income effect brought by financial technology is greater than its cost effect. The mechanism analysis shows that financial technology can improve its profitability by taking "throttling" measures such as improving settlement efficiency and "open source" measures such as innovating business models. Finally, this paper puts forward that large state-owned banks should innovate relatively flexible business and R&D mechanism, joint-stock banks should continuously deepen the "open source" mechanism, city commercial banks should fully tap the personalized scenes of urban life, and rural commercial banks should try to make systematic R&D with the help of external forces. It also suggests that government departments should plan a nationwide information sharing platform as a whole to reduce the repeated R&D costs of relevant institutions.