中国共产党中华民族共同体意识教育的早期探索:基于创建延安民族学院的考察

Early Exploration of the Chinese National Community Consciousness Education of the Communist Party of China:Survey Based on the Establishment of Yan’an Minzu College

中国共产党于1941年9月创建延安民族学院,开启中华民族共同体意识教育的早期探索。延安民族学院的创建有着多维的时代因缘,既是因应中华民族共同体危机的时代要求,也有着中华民族共同体意识觉醒的重要指引,更是民族干部教育转型的迫切需要。办学实践中,延安民族学院从打造中华民族共同体意识教育的课程体系、融入边疆地区的实践育人模式、营造各民族深度交融的校园氛围以及服务中华民族共同体意识教育的保障措施等方面初步构建了以增进中华民族共同体意识为导向的多维育人路径,造就了一批具有坚定中华民族共同体意识的各民族优秀人才。延安民族学院的创建是中华民族共同体意识教育从自发走向自觉的重要标志,从根本上区别于近代以来晚清政府、民国北京政府和南京国民政府举办的各类民族学校,体现了时代因缘、实践路径与历史价值的有机统一,对当下的中华民族共同体意识教育也具有重要启示。

The Communist Party of China founded the Yan’an Minzu College in September 1941, which started the early exploration of the community consciousness education of the Chinese nation.The establishment of Yan’an Minzu College has multi-dimensional causes, which is not only the requirements of the times for the crisis of the Chinese national community, but also the important guidance for the awakening of the Chinese national community consciousness, and the urgent need for the education transformation of ethnic officials.In the process of the school operation practice, Yan’an Minzu College formed up a preliminary multi-dimensional education path oriented towards enhancing the sense of Chinese national community from building the Chinese national community consciousness education curriculum system, integrating into practice of cultivating professionals in border regions, constructing the campus atmosphere of profound integration among ethnic people and safeguarding measures to serve the Chinese national community consciousness education. The college also cultivated a group of outstanding professionals of various ethnicity with a firm sense of community of the Chinese nation.The establishment of Yan’an Minzu College is the important symbol of the Chinese national community consciousness education from spontaneity to self-consciousness, which is fundamentally different from all kinds of ethnic schools set up in modern times by late Qing government, Beijing government of the Republic of China and Nanjing national government. It embodies the organic unity of time coincidences, practice path and the organic unity of historical value, and provides important lessons to learn for current consciousness of the Chinese national community education.