优惠的初衷与执行的偏差——“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”的历史嬗变、问题及对策

Initial Intention of the Preferential Policies and Deviation of Implementation:the Historical Evolution,Problems and Countermeasures of the “Ethnic High-level Key Professionals Plan”

“少数民族高层次骨干人才计划”是一项专门针对少数民族地区的研究生招生优惠政策,对该政策10余年的历史嬗变进行梳理,发现该政策正逐渐从单一规制走向多元共融,为我国少数民族地区培养了一大批高层次人才,优化了少数民族地区的人才规模、质量和结构,在一定程度上弥合了高等教育鸿沟,促进了少数民族地区的发展与繁荣。但该政策仍存在招生指标供需失衡、招生结构单一、培养质量不达标、毕业生违约率高等问题,使得政策的预期成效打了一定折扣,优惠政策的价值定位也发生了偏差。对此,需要通过扩大招生规模、推进数字化治理和多元化招生结构、优化培养过程、降低违约率、编制少数民族地区人才需求表等多种途径进行改良,以期实现少数民族地区高层次人才从“有没有”到“多不多”和“好不好”的转型升级。

“Ethnic High-level Key Professionals Plan”is a preferential policy for graduate enrollment in ethnic areas. Through reviewing the over a decade of historical evolution of the policy, the article found that the policy has gradually developed from a single regulation to multiple communion, cultivated a large number of high-level professionals for the ethnic areas in our country. It has optimized the professionals’ scale, quality and structure of in ethnic areas, to a certain extent, bridged the gap in higher education, promoted the development and prosperity of ethnic areas. However, the policy still has problems such as imbalance between supply and demand of enrollment indicators, single enrollment structure, substandard training quality, and high contract breaking rate. This reduced the expected effect of the policy to a certain extent, and the value positioning of the preferential policies was also deviated.As a result, it is required to expand the scale of enrollment, promote digital governance and diversified enrollment structure, optimize the training process, reduce the contract breaking rate, compiling ethnic areas professionals demand table, so as to make improvement and achieve ethnic high-level professionals’ transformation and upgrading in both number and quality.