山西省关帝山国有林区南海滩林场森林生态系统健康评价研究

Study on the Health Assessment of Forest Ecosystem in Nanhaitan Forest Farm in Guandi Mountain State-owned Forest Area,Shanxi Province

以2019年森林资源二类调查为基础数据,采用VOR模型理论,运用层次分析法,在科学合理、操作可比、符合实际、易于推广的原则下,采用林木空间结构、群落层次结构、草本灌木层盖度、林龄结构、公顷林木蓄积量、天然更新能力、郁闭度、抗有害生物能力、火灾风险等级、土壤侵蚀度10个指标对山西省关帝山国有林区南海滩林场1376个小班健康状况进行评价,并划分为健康、亚健康、不健康和极不健康4个等级。结果表明:南海滩林场健康小班有119个,占小班数的8.6%,面积1237.24 hm^(2);亚健康小班有193个,占小班数的14.1%,面积为1668.34 hm^(2);不健康小班有318个,占小班数的23.1%,面积为3048.33 hm^(2);极不健康小班有746个,占小班数的54.2%,面积为6852.46 hm^(2)。健康林分主要表现为混交复层林、林龄异林、灌木草本层较为发达、郁闭度为0.5~0.7,天然更新良好,生物多样性丰富,森林生态结构具有一定的稳定性和抗干扰性,是健康森林的标准化结构,但不健康的林分占研究区50%以上。最后提出了加快森林经营步伐,通过人工抚育措施,构建健康稳定林分,以此为南海滩林场乃至关帝山国有林区开展森林经营活动提供科技支撑。

Based on the second-class survey of forest resources in 2019,this paper adopts the VOR model theory and the analytic hierarchy process.Ten indicators of layer cover,forest age structure,hectares of forest volume,natural regeneration capacity,canopy closure,pest resistance,fire risk level,and soil erosion were used for 1376 Nanhaitan Forest Farms in Guandi Mountain State-owned Forest Area,Shanxi Province.The health status of the small class was evaluated and divided into four grades:healthy,sub-healthy,unhealthy and extremely unhealthy.The results showed that there were 119 healthy classes in the Nanhaitan Forest Farm,accounting for 8.6%of the class,with an area of 1237.24 hm^(2);193 sub-health classes,accounting for 14.1%of the class,with an area of 1668.34 hm^(2);318 unhealthy classes,accounting for 23.1%of the number of small classes,with an area of 3048.33 hm^(2);there were 746 extremely unhealthy small classes,accounting for 54.2%of the number of small classes,with an area of 6852.46 hm^(2).Healthy forest stands were mainly represented by mixed stratified forests,forests with different ages,relatively developed shrub and herb layers,canopy density of 0.5-0.7,good natural regeneration,and rich biodiversity.Such forest ecological structure has certain stability and resistance.Disturbance was the standardized structure of healthy forests,but unhealthy stands account for more than half of the study area.Due to the accelerated pace of forest management and artificial tending measures,healthy and stable stands are constructed,which were used as the national forests of Nanhai Beach Forest Farm and even Guandi Mountain.Provide scientific and technological support for forest management activities in the district.