山东烤烟外观质量特征研究

Study on Appearance Quality Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco in Shandong

[目的]明确山东烤烟外观质量特征及其用途。[方法]选取2020年山东临沂、日照、潍坊3个地级市15个主烟区的155份烤烟作为典型代表性样品,其中包含C2F、C3F、B2F、X2L、X3L、X2F、X3F、C2L、C3L、B3F、B2L、B3L,分别统计分析外观质量特征、常规化学成分和感官质量指标。[结果]下部烟叶外观质量特征:颜色在柠檬黄至桔黄区间,烟叶成熟,叶片结构总体表现为疏松,油分稍有,身份稍薄,色度中;中部烟叶外观质量特征:颜色在柠檬黄至桔黄区间,烟叶成熟,结构疏松,油分有,身份中等,色度总体表现为“强”;上部烟叶外观质量特征:颜色在柠檬黄至桔黄区间,烟叶成熟,结构尚疏松至稍密,油分有,身份稍厚,色度总体表现为“强”。叶片结构越紧密,还原糖含量、钾氯比、糖碱比、氮碱比、总糖、钾、施木克值相对越低,总植物碱、总氮、氯、蛋白质、两糖差相对越高。烟叶油分越多,总植物碱、总氮含量相对越高,钾氯比、钾含量、糖碱比、氮碱比相对越低。叶片结构越疏松,感官质量中评吸总分越高,香气质、燃烧性越好,蜜甜香、甜度越明显,杂气、刺激性越少,余味越舒适,木香、焦香、浓度、劲头变化越明显。烤烟颜色越接近桔黄、柠檬黄色,成熟度越好,身份越中等,油分越多,色度越浓,则感官质量中评吸总分越高,典型度、蜜甜香、焦香、甜度越明显,浓度、劲头越中等,香气质、透发性越好,香气量越多,杂气、刺激性越少,余味越舒适。[结论]烟叶的外观质量特征可反向判断烟叶产地;叶片结构、油分可作为影响或反映蜜甜焦香型主产区烤烟独特风格及质量的关键外观质量的特征指标。

[Objective]To clarify the appearance quality characteristics and uses of flue-cured tobacco in Shandong.[Method]155 flue-cured tobacco samples from 15 main tobacco-growing areas in Linyi,Rizhao and Weifang of Shandong Province in 2020 were selected as typical representative samples,including C2 F,C3 F,B2 F,X2 L,X3 L,X2 F,X3 F,C2 L,C3 L,B3 F,B2 L,B3 L.The appearance quality characteristics,conventional chemical composition and sensory quality indexes were statistically analyzed.[Result]The appearance quality characteristics of lower leaves:color in the lemon yellow to orange interval,tobacco mature,leaf structure overall performance for loose,oil slightly,identity slightly thin,color.Appearance quality characteristics of middle tobacco leaves:color in lemon yellow to orange interval,tobacco mature,loose structure,oil,medium identity,color overall performance for“strong”.Appearance quality characteristics of upper leaves:color in lemon yellow to orange interval,tobacco mature,structure was still loose to slightly dense,oil,identity slightly thick,color overall performance for“strong”.The closer the tobacco leaf structure was,the lower the reducing sugar content,potassium/chlorine,sugar/nicotine,total nitrogen/nicotine,total sugar,potassium and smoke value were,and the higher total plant alkali,total nitrogen,chlorine,protein and the difference between two sugars was.The more oil content in tobacco leaves,the higher total plant alkali and nitrogen content,and the lower potassium/chlorine,potassium content,sugar/nicotine and total nitrogen/nicotine.The looser the leaf structure was,the higher the total score of sensory quality was,the better the aroma quality and combustibility were,the more obvious the sweetness and sweetness were,the less the offensive odor and irritation were,the more comfortable the taste was,and the change of wood aroma,coke aroma,concentration and strength was obvious.The closer the color of flue-cured tobacco was to orange and lemon yellow,the better the maturity was,the medium the identity was,the more the oil content was,and the stronger the color was,the higher the total score of sensory quality was,the more obvious the typicality,honey-sweet aroma,coke aroma,and sweetness are,the more medium the concentration and strength were,the better the aroma quality and permeability were,the more the amount of aroma was,the less the offensive odor and irritation were,and the more comfortable the taste was.[Conclusion]The appearance quality characteristics of tobacco leaves could reversely judge the origin of tobacco leaves;leaf structure and oil content can be used as characteristic indexes affecting or reflecting the unique style and quality of flue-cured tobacco in honey-sweet-coke aroma-type main producing areas.