史学方法的实践教学--以谷霁光《史学方法实习题汇》为中心

The Practical Teaching of Historical Methods:A Study on the Exercitation Questions Collected for Historical Methods by Gu Jiguang

20世纪上半叶,各高校历史系普遍开设史学方法之类的课程,各种史学方法论著、讲义尤其是未刊讲义近年受到学界关注。不过此类讲义与出版物大多围绕老师如何教,忽略学生如何学,针对学生的训练与实习比较罕见。全面抗战时期,谷霁光在厦门大学开设史学方法课程,编写的《史学方法实习题汇》针对学生实习、强调实践操作,不仅反映了实践教学这一重要领域与环节,而且是在接近战区的险恶环境下进行的,实属难能可贵。该书的编写与形成,与当时开设此类课程的基本背景、谷霁光的教学实践以及个人经历存在密切关系,同时借鉴了相关历史研究法讲义或出版物。该课程及实习题具有两个显著特征:一是加强实践、重视应用;二是处变不惊、务实规范,从而切实提高了学生的知识水平与实践动手能力,很大程度上避免了抗战时期史学研究的某些局限性,在历史教学与人才培养中绽放异彩、结出硕果。教学活动反过来也推动了谷霁光的学术研究。

In the first half of the 20th century, history departments in colleges and universities generally offered courses such as historical methods. Various historical methods, works and handouts,especially unpublished handouts, have attracted academic attention in recent years. However,most of these handouts and publications focus on how teachers teach and ignore how students learn. Training and Practice for students are rare. During the all-round war of resistance against Japan, Prof. Gu Jiguang offered the course of historical methods in Xiamen University.Exercitation Questions Collected for Historical Methods by him aimed at students’ practice and emphasized practical operation. It not only reflected the important field and link of practical teaching, but also was carried out in the dangerous environment close to the war zone, which is commendable. The compilation and formation of the book is closely related to the basic background of setting up such courses at that time, Gu Jiguang’s teaching practice and personal experience. At the same time, it draws lessons from relevant historical research methods of handouts or publications. The course and the book have two remarkable characteristics: first,strengthening practice and paying attention to application;The second is to be calm, pragmatic and standardized, which effectively improved the students’ knowledge level and practical abilities,widely avoided some limitations of historical research during the Anti Japanese War, and meeting with great success in historical teaching and talent training. Teaching activities in turn promoted Gu Jiguang’s academic research.