天然林资源保护工程综合效益评估

Comprehensive benefit assessment of natural forest protection project

天然林资源保护工程(以下简称“天保工程”)是全球最大的生态工程之一,文章从公共工程建设的角度,核算了天保工程的生态、社会和经济效益及投资效率,为我国进一步生态保护和修复工程布局和实施提供重要依据。本研究构建了天然林资源保护工程综合效益评估指标体系,采用生态系统服务物质量和价值量核算方法,对比无工程情景核算天保工程综合效益以及效益费用比。结果表明:与2000年相比,工程区内2015年生态系统服务均有不同程度提升,其中水源涵养提升1.07%、土壤保持提升1.91%、养分固持提升1.69%、固碳释氧提升1.33%和木材资源保有服务提升44.8%,为我国生态安全做出巨大贡献;2000~2015年全国天保工程综合效益总计2.18×10^(12)元,生态效益、社会效益和经济益分别占26%、25%和49%。其中,四川省天保工程综合效益最高,达4044×10^(8)元;全国尺度上,天保工程总体效益费用比为10.7,工程处于盈利状态。重庆市天保工程的效益费用比为全国最高,达38.07。全国和各省天保工程实施状况良好,综合效益远超工程投资,实现了生态、社会、经济效益三者协同增长和森林可持续发展。

Natural Forest Protect Project(NFPP)is the largest ecological project in the world.This paper calculated the comprehensive benefit and investment efficiency of NFPP from the aspect of public project construction,aiming to provide an instructive basis for the planning and implementing ecological protection and restoration projects in China.An integrated index system for the comprehensive benefit assessment of NFPP was established.This paper employed the evaluation methods of physical quantities and monetary value of ecosystem services,and subsequently assessed the comprehensive benefit(CB)and benefit-cost ratio(BCR)of NFPP.Results showed that from 2000 to 2015,water conservation,soil retention,and nutrient retention of the forest ecosystem in the NFPP area were improved by 1.07%,1.91%,and 1.69%,respectively.Carbon sequestration and oxygen release were improved by 1.33%,and the wood resource conservation were improved by 44.8%.All these enhancements of ecosystem services greatly contributed to China’s ecological security.From 2000 to 2015,the comprehensive benefit of NFPP reached 2.18 trillion yuan.Ecological,social and economic benefits accounted for 26%,25%and 49%of the aggregate benefit,respectively.Among all of the provincial regions,NFPP in Sichuan brought the highest comprehensive benefit of 404.4 billion yuan.On the national scale,the BCR of the NFPP was 10.7,indicating that the project was in a profitable state.The highest provincial BCR of NFPP was 38.07,happened in Chongqing.NFPP ran in good condition both on national scale and province scale.The comprehensive benefit of NFPP far exceeded the project’s investments.China achieved a coordinated growth of ecological,social and economic benefit and reached a sustainable forest development due to the implementation of NFPP.