论土地经营权行使中的“承包方同意”规则

On the“Contractor's Consent”Rule in the Exercise of Land Management Rights

《农村土地承包法》第43条、第46条和第47条分别规定了“投资改良土壤”“再流转”和“融资担保”情形下土地经营权人须征得土地承包经营权人同意的“承包方同意”规则。法理逻辑上,“承包方同意”规则乃是平衡与协调农地保障功能与市场功能冲突的法技术,亦是土地承包经营权“管理权能”的行使方式之一。规范属性上,其既非效力性强制性规范,违之亦不构成无权处分,而属于私权限制性规范,目的在于不同私权利益关系对抗和竞争下对土地承包经营权人权益的优先保护。司法适用上,应区分投资改良行为与再流转两类不同情形,对于违反“承包方同意”规则的行为,承包方可通过自主意志选择有利于自己的后果或在对抗力层面获得优先保护。

Articles 43,46 and 47 of the Rural Land Contract Law stipulate that in the case of“investment in land im-provement”,“retransfer”and“financing guarantee”,respectively,theland operator must follow the“Contractor's Consent”rule,which requires the consent of the owner of the land contract.In terms of jurisprudential logic,the“Contractor's Consent”rule is a legal technical rule that balances and coordinates the conflict between the function of agricultural land security and the market function,and is one of the ways to exercise the“management power”of the land contract management right.In terms of normative properties,it is neither an effective compulsory nor a disposition without right,but a restrictive norm of private rights,aiming at the priority protection of the rights and interests of land contract owners in the confrontation and competition of different private rights and interests.In terms of judicial application,a distinction should be made between two different types of situations:investment and improvement acts and re-transfer.For acts that violate the“consent of the contractor”rule,the contractor may choose the consequences in its favor or obtain priority protection at the level of antagonism through its own will.