药物治疗单纯疱疹病毒基质型角膜炎的研究进展

Research progress in drug treatment of herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis

单纯疱疹病毒基质型角膜炎是引起角膜盲的主要原因之一,目前以局部使用糖皮质激素联合口服抗病毒药物治疗为主。传统治疗存在生物利用度低、药物不良反应等缺点,因此亟需寻找替代药物、开发新剂型。环孢素A和他克莫司等免疫抑制剂疗效明显、不良反应少,可能是糖皮质激素的潜在替代品。α干扰素联合阿昔洛韦可缩短病程,而单独使用效果有限。基质再生剂具有新的抗病毒机制,值得进一步研究。此外,纳米载体递送系统,如脂质体、纳米胶束、立方液晶纳米粒,由于能够增强药物角膜穿透性和延长药物释放,在治疗基质型单纯疱疹性角膜炎方面具有巨大潜力。

Herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness.A topical corticosteroid agent in conjunction with an oral antiviral agent is the preferred treatment,which has the disadvantages of low bioavailability and drug side effects.Therefore,there is an urgent need to find alternative drugs and develop new dosage forms.Immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus have obvious curative effects and few side effects,and may be potential substitutes for glucocorticoids.Interferon-αcombined with acyclovir can shorten the course of disease,but the effect is not obvious when used alone.Matrix regenerating agents have new antiviral mechanisms and deserve further study.In addition,nanocarriers delivery systems,such as liposomes,nanomicelles and cubosomes,have great potential in the treatment of herpes simplex virus stromal keratitis due to their ability to enhance drug corneal penetration and prolong drug release.