广东省妇幼保健院2015—2020年儿童意外伤害住院患者流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of children hospitalized due to unintentional injuries in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from 2015 to 2020

目的了解广东省妇幼保健院0~12岁因意外伤害住院病例的流行病学特征,为制订儿童伤害预防措施和干预方法提供参考。方法从住院病案首页数据库中提取2015年1月至2020年12月因意外伤害首次就诊住院的0~12岁儿童患者,对儿童伤害外因类型、伤害部位在不同性别、年龄的分布特征进行描述性统计分析。结果意外伤害住院儿童1283例,男童770例(60%),女童513例(40%),男女比为1.5∶1。前3位意外伤害外因类型为跌倒/跌落(43.7%)、自然腔口异物(30.5%)和中毒(10.2%)。不同年龄组伤害外因构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=225.721,P<0.01)。儿童受伤部位主要是头面部(37.3%)、自然腔口(30.4%)和上肢(9.2%)。不同年龄组伤害部位构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=364.834,P<0.01)。结论儿童意外伤害以跌倒/跌落、自然腔口异物和中毒为主,受伤部位主要是头面部、自然腔口和上肢。家长和相关部门应加强对儿童意外跌落/跌倒、自然腔口异物和中毒的管理,减少儿童意外伤害的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of unintentional injuries among the aged≤12 years in Guangdong Women and Children Hospital,so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of relevant prevention measures and intervention methods.Methods The children of age from 0 to 12 hospitalized for the first time due to unintentional injuries from January 2015 to December 2020,which were extracted from database of the first page data of inpatient medical records.The distribution characteristics of the injury types,injury part of children in different gender and age groups were analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results The medical records of 1283 hospitalized children with unintentional injuries were collected,ranging in age from 0 to 12 years old.770 boys accounted for 60%,513 girls accounted for 40%,with the sex ration of boy to girl was 1.5∶1.The top three causes of the unintentional injuries case were falling(43.7%),foreign body entering through natural orifice(30.5%)and poisoning(10.2%).There were significant difference in injury type between different age groups(χ2=225.721,P<0.01).The most common injury part of body were head and face(37.3%),natural orifice(30.4%)and upper limb(9.2%),with significant difference in injury part between different age groups(χ2=364.834,P<0.01).Conclusion The mainly causes of the unintentional injuries case were falling,foreign body entering through natural orifice and poisoning,while the common injury part of body were head and face,natural orifice and upper limb.Parents and relevant departments should strengthen the management of unintentional falling,foreign body entering through natural orifice and poisoning in children,so as to reduce the occurrence of children′s unintentional injury.