当前托育机构质量建设的现状和影响因素分析——基于9省市43所托育机构的实地调研

Analysis of the Status Quo and Influencing Factors on the Quality of Childcare Institutions--Based on an On-site Investigation of 43 Nursery Institutions in 9 Provinces

婴幼儿照护服务是保障和改善民生的重要内容,国家高度重视“幼有所育”,重视托育机构的建设及其服务质量,并逐步完善相关政策法规和标准体系。为厘清当前我国托育机构质量建设的现状及其影响因素,并为我国《托育机构质量评估标准》的制定提供现实依据和参考,《全国托育机构质量评估标准》研制项目组进行了前期研究,于2019年9月~2022年1月在全国9省市43所托育机构开展了实地调研。调研发现,托育机构在注册登记和备案方面不断进步,部分机构也开始注重硬件配备、卫生保健、师资队伍建设、科学育儿指导等方面的工作。但是,托育机构办托场地受限、人员队伍结构不完整或缺乏系统化的专业支持、保育照护质量不高、膳食方面存在安全隐患、家庭个性化服务及社区服务较为困难、机构管理不规范等成为制约托育机构质量发展的主要影响因素。未来可以通过政府牵头发挥主导作用,加强部门联动,出台质量评估标准,加强政策扶持和人员队伍建设,强化托育机构自身管理和建设等措施促进托育机构规范化、高质量发展。

As care service for infants is an important part of safeguarding and improving people's livelihood,China has attached great importance to"Ensuring People's Access to Childcare",with an emphasis on the construction of nursery institutions and their service quality.Related policies regulations and standards have been gradually improving to reflect this national concern for childcare.The development project team of"National Evaluation Standards for Quality of Childcare Institutions"carried out preliminary research and on-site investigations in 43 childcare institutions in 9 provinces nationwide from September 2019 to January 2022.These mvestigations aimed to clarify the status quo and influencing fectors of the quality of childcare institutions in China,and provide a realistic basis and reference for the fonnulation of the national policy standard,namely"Evaluation Standards for Quality of Childcare Institutions".It was found that the childcare institutions have made continuous progress in registration and filing,and some institutions also give consideration to hardware equipment,health care,faculty team building,and scientific parenting guidance.However,the main factors that restrict the quality development of many childcare institutions are space limitations,incomplete staff team or lack of systematic professional support,low quality care,hidden food dangers,difficulties in personalized family services and community services,and nonstandard institutional management.It is expected that the government can play a leading role in improving childcare service quality by strengthening departmental liaison,mtroducing quality evaluation standards,strengthening policy support and personnel team building,and strengthening the self-management and construction of childcare institutions.Such measures can help promote the standardization and high-quality development of childcare institutions in the fiiture.