哺乳动物线粒体DNA转录调控机制的研究进展

Research Progress on the Regulation Mechanism of Transcription of Mammalian Mitochondrial DNA

线粒体是细胞内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的主要产生部位,同时参与调节细胞凋亡、钙稳态和先天免疫反应。线粒体功能紊乱在许多人类疾病发生发展中的作用日益受到重视,推动了线粒体转录过程及调控机制的生化研究。线粒体基因的表达调控是非常独特的,因为其受到线粒体DNA(mtDNA)和核基因组的双重调节。对哺乳动物mtDNA的结构、转录过程及调控机制的研究进展作综述,重点介绍影响mtDNA转录的多种直接和间接因素,并对这一医学研究热点问题进行分析与展望。

Mitochondria are the principal site of ATP generation,and are involved in the regulation of apoptosis,calcium homeostasis,and innate immune response.The role of mitochondiral dysfunction in the occurrence and developmant of many huamn diseases has received increasing attention,which has promoted the biochemical study on the transcription process and regulation mechanism of mitochondria.The expression and regulation of the mitochondrial gene is very unique because it is regulated by both mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)and nuclear genome.This essay reviews the research progress that has been done on the structure,transcriptional process and regulatory mechanism of mammalian mtDNA,and focuses on describing a variety of direct and indirect factors influencing mtDNA transcription.The hot issues relevant to its medical research will be analyzed and prospected.