合丰(合交、合农、佳豆)大豆育种工作回顾与系列品种分析

Review of Hefeng(Hejiao,Henong and Jiadou)Soybean Breeding Work and Analysis of Series Varieties

为丰富大豆育种经验,进一步提升育种创新能力与水平,本文回顾了黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院76年的大豆育种工作。“合丰(合交、合农、佳豆)号”大豆为佳木斯分院审定推广品种系列名称,截止到2022年已审定推广大豆品种119个,包括不同熟期、积温带和类型的品种,年推广面积,在大豆鼎盛时期达到80万~100万hm^(-2),最高达到133.33万hm^(-2),占黑龙江省大豆年种植面积的30%~50%;在大豆低谷时期稳定在53.33万~66.67万hm^(-2),占黑龙江省大豆年种植面积的20%~25%,累计推广面积达到4200万hm^(-2),年均推广面积54.79万hm^(-2),推广范围由佳木斯地区扩大到全省乃至全国。育成了建国以来推广面积最大的品种合丰25、全国年度推广面积最大的品种合丰35(1999年)、合丰45(2006年)和黑龙江省年度推广面积最大的品种合丰50(2010-2011年)和合丰55(2012-2013年);有4个品种(合丰50、合农85、合农71和合农91)7次刷新区域或全国大豆单产纪录,其中合农71小面积实收产量达到6712.05 kg·hm^(-2),大面积实收产量达到4621.5 kg·hm^(-2);育成了合丰27、合丰28、合丰29、合丰30等国内首批抗灰斑病品种;育成了油分含量≥22%的品种33个,其中合农77油分含量高达24.13%;在国内领先育成了合丰42、合农60和合农91等一批含有美国矮秆基因(dtdt)的矮秆、半矮秆品种;审定品种获省部级以上成果奖励31项,其中国家科技进步二等奖2项,三等奖1项;黑龙江省政府科技进步一等奖2项,黑龙江省重大科技效益奖2项。

In order to enrich soybean breeding experience,further enhance the ability and level of breeding innovation,this article reviewed 76 years of breeding program and achievements in the Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Hefeng(Hejiao,Henong and Jiadou),series soybean varieties were bred and promoted by Jiamusi Branch.Until 2022,there were 119 varieties had been released,including varieties with different maturity types,accumulated temperate zones and variety types.The annual application area reached 800000 to 1000000 ha in the heyday of soybean production,the highest planting area was 1333333 ha,accounting for 30%-50%of the annual soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province.The annual promotion area stabilized at 533333 to 666667 ha during normal period,accounting for 20%-25%of the annual soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province.The accumulated plangting area reached 42000000 ha,and the average planting area was 547900 ha,annually,the released application expanded from Jiamusi Area to the other province and even the whole country.Hefeng 25,the variety with the largest promotion area since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Hefeng 35(1999)and Hefeng 45(2006)were the largest promotion area in China.Hefeng 50(2010-2011)and Hefeng 55(2012-2013)were the largest promotion area in Heilongjiang province.The regional or national soybean yield records had been set seven times by four varieties(Hefeng 50,Henong 85,Henong 71 and Henong 91).Among them,the yield of Henong 71 reached 6712.05 kg·haat the small area,and got 4621.5 kg·haat the large area.It is firt time for our country to have been developed the cultivars with frogeye leaf spot resistance,they were Hefeng 27,Hefeng 28,Hefeng 29 and Hefeng 30 respectively.There were 33 varieties with oil content≥22%were bred,of which Henong 77 oil content was 24.13%.The cultivars with dwarf gene(dtdt)were first develped in China,such as Hefeng 42,Henong 60,and Henong 91.The released cultivars have been awarded 31 provincial and ministerial achievements.Among them,there are 2 second prize and 1 third prize of National Science and Technology Progress award.There are 2 first prizes of science and technology progress awarded by Heilongjiang Province,and 2 prizes of major science and technology benefit awarded by Heilongjiang Province.