种植密度对谷子抗倒性及产量的影响

Effects of Planting Density on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Foxtail Millet

为了研究密度与谷子茎秆特性、产量性状及光合指标的关系,并明确黑龙江省谷子的适宜种植密度,以嫩选18为试验材料,通过设置30万,40万,50万和60万株·hm共4个种植密度,系统研究了不同种植密度下谷子嫩选18茎秆特性、抗倒伏性、光合指标及产量构成的变化。结果表明,不同密度处理之间谷子茎节数和茎鲜重没有显著差异;随密度增加,植株节间长度、株高、重心高度、茎秆倒伏指数呈上升趋势;茎粗、茎秆弯折力、光合指标显著下降;产量随着密度增加呈先升高后下降的趋势,在密度为50万株·hm时产量最高,达6425.0 kg·hm^(-2)。说明适当提高种植密度可以获得高产,但加剧了植株个体对资源的争夺,导致单株生长受到限制且加大了倒伏风险。

In order to study the relationship between density and stalk characteristics,yield traits and photosynthetic indexes of foxtail millet,and to determine the suitable planting density of millet in Heilongjiang Province,we used Nenxuan 18 as experimental materials and set four planting densities(3×10^(5),4×10^(5),5×10^(5)and 6×10^(5)plant·ha^(-1))in this study.The change of stalk characteristics,lodging resistance,photosynthetic and yield characteristics of foxtail millet were studied.The results suggested that node numbers of stem,fresh weight of stem showed no significant difference among four planting densities.With the increase of density,the internode length,plant height,barycentre height and lodging index of plants increased,diameter of stem,bending force of stem and photosynthetic index decreased significantly;The yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of density,and the highest yield was 6425.0 kg·ha^(-1)when the density was 5×10^(5)plant·ha^(-1).It showed that high yield can be obtained by properly increasing planting density,but it intensifies the competition of individual plants for resources,which leads to the limitation of single plant growth and increases the risk of lodging.