平台经济对就业结构的影响

The Influence of Platform Economy on Employment Structure

文章利用2014~2020年中国省级面板数据,实证分析和验证平台经济发展对多层面就业结构的影响。结果表明:(1)平台经济发展对产业、行业和技能层面就业结构有显著影响。(2)平台经济对就业结构的影响存在“U形”关系。拐点前,平台经济显著降低了第三产业与第二产业就业的比值、高技术行业就业占比及高技能与低技能劳动者就业的比值;拐点后,显著提升了第三产业与第二产业就业的比值、高技能行业就业占比和高技能与低技能劳动者就业的比值。(3)平台经济对产业结构升级、人力资本存量有显著的正向影响。(4)产业结构升级和人力资本存量在平台经济影响就业结构的机制中起中介作用。文章认为,应合理促进平台经济发展,积极推动产业结构升级,进一步完善劳动力市场配置,实现劳动力自由流动,建设多元化包容的人力资本关系,切实保护劳动者的合法权益。

Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2014 to 2020,this paper empirically analyzes and tests the influence of platform economy’s development on the multidimensional employment structure.The results show as follows.(1)The development of platform economy has a significant positive impact on the employment structure of sector,industry,industry and skill levels.(2)The impact of platform economy on employment structure has a“positive U-shaped”nonlinear relationship.Before the inflection point,the platform economy significantly reduces the share of employment in the tertiary and secondary industry,the proportion of employment in high-tech industries and of highly skilled and lowly skilled workers.After the inflection point,the proportion of employment in the tertiary industry and the secondary industry,in highly skilled industries and highly skilled and lowly skilled workers have been significantly increased.(3)Platform economy has a significant positive impact on the upgrading of industrial structure and the stock of human capital.(4)Industrial structure upgrading and human capital stock play significant intermediary roles in the mechanism of platform economy affecting employment structure.The paper suggests that we should reasonably promote the development of platform economy,actively promote the upgrading of industrial structure,further improve the allocation of labor market,realize the free flow of labor,build a diversified and inclusive human capital relationship,and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of workers.