国土空间生态保护修复视角下的生态占补平衡路径探索

Exploration on path of ecological occupation and compensation balance from the perspective of ecological protection and restoration

长期以来,受高强度的城市开发建设、资源过度开发利用影响,自然生态系统破坏严重,影响我国经济社会可持续发展和国家生态安全。在生态文明建设背景下,探讨国土空间范围内生态系统功能稳定、生态系统服务平衡,具有重要的理论和现实意义,生态占补平衡有关政策、制度的研究与发展应运而生。建立生态占补平衡机制任重道远,需要充分借鉴已有国内外经验,探索守住“绿水青山”并向“金山银山”转化之道。运用文献分析法和对比分析法,分析了国内外生态占补平衡的法规政策、实践探索经验,从国土空间生态保护修复视角对规划管控、自然资源产权制度改革和生态产品价值评价等方面提出了建议。

For a long time,affected by high-intensity development,construction and resource utilization,the natural ecosystem has been seriously damaged,which has seriously affected China’s sustainable economic and social development and national ecological security.In the context of ecological civilization construction,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the stability of ecosystem functions and the balance of ecosystem services within the territorial space.As a result,research and development of policies and systems related to the balance of ecological occupation and compensation has emerged.The establishment of the ecological compensation balance mechanism has a long way to go and needs to learn from the existing experience at home and abroad in order to maintain"clear waters and green mountains"of the environment.Using the methods of literature analysis and comparative analysis,this paper studies the laws,policies and practical exploration experience of the balance of ecological occupation and compensation at home and abroad.Suggestions are put forward from the perspective of land and space ecological protection and restoration regarding planning and control,reform of natural resource property rights system,and evaluation of ecological products.