乡村振兴背景下无文字少数民族青少年学生母语词汇磨蚀调查研究——以湖南省通道县侗族为例

L1 Lexical Attrition among Adolescent Students from Ethnic Minority without Literacy Tradition in the Context of Rural Revitalization——A Case Study of Dong Ethnic Group of Tongdao County in Hunan Province

在乡村振兴背景下,民族地区的语言文化振兴与传承不可或缺。文章以湖南省通道县侗族初中生为对象,采用侗语词汇测试、调查问卷与半结构式访谈相结合的方法,考察了侗族青少年学生母语词汇磨蚀的状况。研究发现,侗族初中生在三个不同年级段的母语词汇磨蚀程度差异显著:初一学生侗语词汇磨蚀程度最低,初三学生词汇磨蚀最严重。影响侗语词汇磨蚀的主要因素是侗语的接触量、受蚀时间和对侗语的语言态度。研究结果对少数民族语言母语磨蚀研究模式的创建,为乡村民族语言文化振兴与传承提供参考。

Language and culture revival and inheritance in ethnic minority areas are indispensable to rural revitalization. Adopting a vocabulary test of Dong language, a questionnaire of language use and semi-structural interviews, this study takes junior middle school students of Dong ethnic minority from Tongdao County in Hunan Province as subjects, and probes into lexical attrition of Dong language in them. The results show that the junior middle school students have apparently differentiated attrition of lexical attrition, the lexical attrition degree for students of Grade One is the lowest, while lexical attrition for students of Grade Three is the most serious. The primary factors that affect lexical attrition of Dong language are the amount of exposure to Dong language, attitude towards Dong language and time at onset of Dong language attrition. The findings obtained from the study shed light on a research paradigm of ethnic minority language attrition, and can provide reference to the revitalization and inheritance of rural ethnic minority languages.