城市轨道交通车轮异常磨耗研究概述

Study on abnormal wear of wheels for urban rail transit

文章通过梳理城市轨道交通车轮所采用的主要材质,系统分析车轮损伤的类型、表现特征、影响因素、引发后果等,重点讨论严重困扰城市轨道交通用车轮的偏磨、轮缘异常磨耗、异常“凹”型磨耗、“双坑”磨耗、车轮周向不均匀磨耗等问题,结合分析损伤车轮微观组织性能,开展模拟实验,实验结果表明:偏磨、轮缘异常磨耗、异常“凹”型磨耗、“双坑”磨耗与线路条件、车辆状态、轮轨匹配关联较大;车轮偏心与车轮初始缺陷、轮对组装、镟修等因素有关,车轮3边形与镟床镟修模式相关性较大,车轮5~8 边形、11~13边形与轮对一阶弯曲、P2共振相关性较大。最终所得结论为基于目前城市轨道交通轮轨匹配状况,根据运用需求,提高车轮轮辋硬度、缩小轮辋断面径向硬度差、增加磨耗到限深度是延缓车轮异常磨耗、延长车轮使用寿命的重要技术方向。

By sorting out the main materials used for the wheels of urban rail transit,this paper systematically analyzes the types,performance characteristics,influencing factors and consequences of wheel damage,and focuses on discussing the wheel partial wear,flange abnormal wear,hollow-wear,dual-groove wear,wheel circumferential uneven wear and other issues that seriously affect urban rail transit.Combined with the analysis of the microstructure and performance of the damaged wheels,the experimental results show that the partial wear,flange abnormal wear,hollow-wear,dual-groove wear are closely related to the line conditions,vehicle conditions and wheel-rail coupling status,and the wheel eccentricity is related to wheel initial defects,wheelset-assembly,wheelset-lathing and other factors.The 3-sided shaped of the wheel deformation has a significant correlation with the lathe setup on wheelset lathing.The 5-8-sided shape and 11-13-sided shape of the wheel deformation have large correlations with the first-order bending and P2 resonance of the wheel set.Based on the current wheel-rail coupling situation of urban rail transit,according to the application requirements,the final conclusion is that improving the wheel rim rigidity,reducing the radial section rigidity difference of the wheel rim and increasing the wear depth limitation are important technical directions to delay the abnormal wear of the wheel,and extend the service life of the wheel.