智能汽车交通事故归责主体的批判性考察

A Critical Study on the Liable Subject of Automous Vehicles Traffic Accidents

以责任主体的不同选择为争议肇始,有关智能汽车交通事故侵权责任的承担方式难以达成基本共识。颇具热度的人工智能拟制人格制度无法破除路径依赖,难以走向现实的制度;要求智能汽车用户承担集体责任或是个人责任,都会导致侵权责任法的补偿与威慑功能无法同时实现;唯有以生产者作为责任主体,不仅能使事故成本的总和最小化,而且能够在企业内部形成有效的补偿机制。然而,以生产者作为责任主体的产品责任,无法与原有的机动车交通事故责任保持司法适用效果的一致。由此,对产品责任进行修改或者提供新的归责模式将是规制进路的探索方向。

With the different choices of liable subjects as the beginning of the dispute, it is hard to reach a basic consensus on the way of taking on tort liability for autonomous vehicles traffic accidents.The popular AI artificial personality can not break the path dependence and can not come true.If the autonomous vehicle users are required to assume collective or individual responsibility, compensation and deterrence of tort law cannot be played their roles at the same time.The responsibility of the producer is the only way, because it can not only minimize the total cost of accidents, but also form an effective compensation mechanism within the enterprise.However, the product liability which require the producer to be liable subject cannot be consistent with traffic accident liability.Therefore, the solution of legal modification would be to modify the product liability or create a new responsibility model.