消防救援班组在特大城市洪灾事件的实战能力提升研究

Research on the Improvement of Fire and Rescue Squad’s Combat Ability in Flooding Events in Megacities

消防救援班组是应对特大城市洪灾的重要基础力量,提升消防救援班组实战能力有助于更好地处置特大城市洪灾事件。以郑州市“7.20”特大暴雨洪灾为研究背景,以JX消防救援总队援郑班组为研究对象,采取事件系统理论方法研究班组实战能力提升的过程机理,揭示实战经验、人装结合、应急组织联动对实战能力提升过程的作用及影响,提出增强特大城市防灾减灾能力的可行性对策。研究结果表明:班组自身的实战经验、人装结合水平及其与其他应急组织的联动,对班组实战能力的提升有着重要影响;随着救援时长的积累,班组在事件中遭遇的消极影响因素减少、获得的积极影响因素增多,其实战能力在经历挫折后得以快速提升;政府、救援队伍和社群群众需要在事件中相互合作,提升灾害处置效能。

The fire and rescue squads play a critical role in responding to urban catastrophic flood,and enhancing the fire and rescue squad’s combat capabilities would help better deal with urban catastrophic flood.As the research backdrop,the“7.20”catastrophic rainstorm and catastrophic flood in Zhengzhou China,and the JX fire and rescue headquarter aiding the Zhengzhou squads as the research object,the event system theory method is used to investigate the mechanism of improving a team’s combat capability,reveal the role and impact of combat experience,the combination of personnel and equipment,and the linkage of emergency response organizations on the process of improving combat capability,and propose feasible countermeasures to improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities of megacities.The findings show that the squad’s own combat experience,the level of personnel and equipment combination,and its linkage with other emergency organizations all have a significant impact on the improvement of the squad’s combat capabilities;as rescue time accumulates,the squadsdecrease the negative influencing factors in the incident,and increase its positive influencing factors simultaneously,and the combat capabilities of the squads can be rapidly improved.Governments,fire and rescue squads and communities need toclosely connected to improve disaster management effectiveness in the event.