基于巴蜀地域特色下的中小型石窟寺保护性建筑设计与实践--以大足石刻21处中小型石窟为例

Design and Practice of Protective Architecture of Small and Medium-sized Cave Temple Based on Bashu Regional Characteristics:Taking 21 Small and Medium-sized Grottoes of Dazu Rock Carvings as Examples

作为我国石窟寺存量中主体部分的中小型石窟一直以来并未得到相应的关注与保护。为响应“十四五”石窟寺保护利用专项规划及“石窟中国”保护工程,大足石刻选取急需保护的21处中小型石窟开展保护设施建设项目。针对巴蜀地区中小型石窟特点及现存石窟保护性建筑的现状,并结合相关实践,总结了包括“以保护文物主体安全为首要原则”、“文物、建筑与环境协调统一”、“易于维护管理且可逆”等在内的巴蜀地区中小型石窟寺保护性建筑的设计原则与具体策略,为全国同类型项目提供经验借鉴。

As the main part of the stock of grottoes in China,small and medium-sized grottoes have not received corresponding attention and protection. In response to the “14th five-year Plan” special plan for the protection and utilization of grotto temples and the “Grottoes China” protection project, we selected 21 small and medium-sized grottoes of Dazu stone carvings in urgent need of protection to carry out protection facilities construction projects. In view of the characteristics of small and medium-sized grottoes in Bashu area and the current situation of existing protective buildings in grottoes, and combined with relevant practice,this paper summarizes the design principles and specific strategies of the protective buildings of small and mediumsized grottoes in Bashu area, including “taking the safety of cultural relics as the first principle”, “coordination and unity of cultural relics, architecture and environment”, “easy to maintain and manage and reversible”, in order to provide experience and reference for similar projects.