新冠病毒感染后细胞免疫研究进展

Progress of research on changes of cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的死亡原因主要有代谢性酸中毒,脓毒性休克,肺水肿,多器官衰竭,深静脉血栓等,这些全身表现与炎症风暴引起的肺、肾等重要脏器的严重病理损伤相关。患者疾病的发生、发展、恶化与体内淋巴细胞亚群紊乱,细胞因子风暴产生等免疫失衡机制密切相关。其中细胞免疫发挥了至关重要的作用。重症患者血液中诸多炎症因子表达显著升高,另外,IL-6是造成细胞因子风暴的典型促炎因子,可作为判断病情预后的依据。IL-6阻断可成为阻断细胞因子风暴的有效方法。

The major causes of death of patients with COVID-19 include metabolic acidosis, septic shock, pulmonary edema, multiple organ failure and deep venous thrombosis. These systemic manifestations are associated with severe pathological damages of vital organs like lung and kidney that are caused by inflammatory storms. The occurrence, development and deterioration of disease is closely associated with the immune imbalance mechanisms such as disorder of lymphocyte subsets and emergence of cytokine storm. The cellular immunity plays a vital role. The expression levels of some blood inflammatory factors of the severe COVID-19 patients are remarkably elevated, IL-6 is a typical proinflammatory factor that causes the cytokine storm, which can be used for prediction of prognosis. IL-6 blockade may be an effective method to block the cytokine storm.