中韩海洋管辖权主张与海域划界谈判

An Analysis on Maritime Jurisdiction Claims and Maritime Delimitation Negotiation between China and Republic of Korea in the South Yellow Sea

中韩两国的海洋管辖权主张有相似性,主张的领海、毗连区、专属经济区宽度和大陆架外部界限一致,但基线的使用存在差异。中韩自2015年启动海域划界谈判迄今,双方已开展两轮副部长级和九轮司局级谈判,两国似乎已经就不涉及第三方主张的第一阶段划界对象海域的范围达成一致。与此同时,双方在黄海南部的海域划界谈判也面临一些挑战,双方对三阶段方法中哪些因素应该成为影响划界的有关情况存在分歧,对对方部分岛礁划界效力存在质疑,对渔业资源、苏岩礁(离於岛)管辖权存在争议。如果中韩在黄海南部海域划界采用三阶段方法,在三阶段方法的第二阶段,中国需力主存在需要调整或移动临时等距离线的有关情况,力争将临时等距离线向韩国一侧做调整。未来两国要顺利完成海域划界谈判,还需要综合考虑法律、政治和经济因素。

There are similarities and differences between China and the Republic of Korea(ROK)on the claims to maritime jurisdiction. The breadth of the territorial sea,the contiguous zone,the exclusive economic zone,and the continental shelf,claimed by the two states are the same. But the two states have different legislation providing for baselines. China and the ROK have officially started intergovernmental negotiations for maritime delimitation since2015. By November 2021,the two states have held two vice minister-level official meeting and nine director-general-level meetings on the delimitation of the maritime boundaries.China and the ROK reached a preliminary agreement on the limits of the first-stage maritime delimitation area that does not involve a third party. At the same time,the maritime delimitation in the South Yellow Sea(SYS) is facing four challenges: first,the two states are divided about what circumstances should be relevant circumstances by usinga three-stage approach;second,the two states challenge the effect ofeach other’s outmost islands and islets;third,the two states are in dispute over fisheries resources in the SYS;and fourth,the two states are controversial with the jurisdiction of the Suyan Rock/Ieodo. If the two states can accept the three-stage approach,China should argue relevant circumstances requiring adjustment of the provisional equidistance line in the second stage of the three-stage approach.China will probably argue that the potential delimitation line should move toward the ROK from the provisional equidistance line. The two states will have to comprehensively consider legal,political,and economic elements on maritime delimitation in the future.