宅基地资格权的法律性质及其规则构造

The Legal Nature and Rule Construction of Homestead Qualification Right

现行法律制度中暂无“资格权”这一表述,为了将政策用语纳入法律框架,学界提出“宅基地使用权说”“剩余权说”“成员权说”等观点。基于对资格权生成路径的分析,认为资格权应是一项兼具身份属性与财产利益的成员权。内容上,主要表现为一种可期待利益,在包含宅基地取回与退出权、经济补偿权、征收补偿权等权能的同时,理应赋予资格权人对宅基地利用实际情况的监管权。为了落实宅基地“三权分置”改革思路,建议从明晰资格权主体、建立宅基地资格权登记机制、完善资格权取得、解读宅基地退出以及征收补偿费用的分配等方面对宅基地资格权作出制度构建。

The expression "right of eligibility" is not yet available in the current legal system,but in order to incorporate the policy language into the legal framework,academics have proposed "the right to use the residential land","the right of residual rights".The "right of membership doctrine" and other views.Based on the analysis of the generation path of qualification right,qualification right should be a membership right that combines status attributes and property interests.In terms of content,it is mainly reflected as a kind of expected interest,which includes the right of homestead retrieval and return,the right of economic compensation,the right of expropriation and compensation and other powers and functions,and should be endowed with the right to supervise the actual situation of homestead utilization.In order to implement the reform idea of "three rights separation" of residential bases,it is suggested that the institutional construction of residential bases’ qualification rights should be made from the aspects of clarifying the subjects of qualification rights,establishing the registration mechanism of residential bases’ qualification rights,improving the acquisition of qualification rights,interpreting the withdrawal of residential bases and the distribution of expropriation compensation costs.