同步修订背景下公司法与反垄断法的冲突与调和

Conflict and Reconciliation between Company Law and Antitrust Law under the Background of Simultaneous Revision

推动公司法和反垄断法衔接是健全市场主体制度的基本要求和重要举措。公司法与反垄断法呈现出市场主体概念识别矛盾、市场主体行为运行背离和市场主体责任承担失衡三重冲突。在市场经济的整体视野下,公司法与反垄断法看似和而不同实则殊途同归。公司法的自治性特征与反垄断法的规制性品格相辅相成,二者在调整对象、立法目标与优化工具的普适追求上不谋而合,并借助私法公法化与公法私法化日渐勃兴的法律演进逻辑而存在坚实的规则调和基础。在理念上公司法与反垄断法应当求同存异,保持终极目标一致性与规则适用异质性的平衡;在市场主体概念界定上,应当以完善后的公司法为主要规则参照,适度扩大实施“公司法人格否认制度”,完善控股股东与实际控制人的识别规则;在市场主体行为运行环节,需要重视强监管下的反垄断法规定,丰富“本身违法”原则在商事交易习惯中的适用条件,革新市场支配地位的集团化认定标准,增加经营者集中审查的公司登记程序,关注公司退出机制中可能出现的行政性垄断行为;在市场主体责任承担领域,二者应当共同建立起公私融合的治理体系,对内鼓励公司积极承担社会责任,强化内部治理,建立反垄断合规制度;对外优化执法机构的责任约束和制裁形式,积极回应市场需求。

Promoting the connection between the company law and the antitrust law is a basic requirement and an important measure to improve the market entity system.The company law and antitrust law present three conflicts:the contradiction of market subject concept identification,the deviation of market subject behavior and the imbalance of market subject responsibility.Under the overall vision of the market economy,the company law and the antitrust law seem to be harmonious but different,but in fact,they have the same destination.The autonomous characteristics of the company law and the regulatory character of the antitrust law complement each other,and the two coincide in the universal pursuit of adjustment objects,legislative objectives and optimization tools,and there is a solid basis for harmonizing rules with the help of the increasingly growing action logic of the public law of private law and the private law of public law.In terms of concept,company law and antitrust law should seek common ground while reserving differences,and maintain the balance between the consistency of ultimate goal and the heterogeneity of rule application;In defining the concept of market subject,we should take the improved company law as the main rule reference,appropriately expand the implementation of the"corporate legal personality denial system",and improve the identification rules between controlling shareholders and actual controllers;In the operation link of market subject behavior,we need to pay attention to the provisions of the antitrust law under strong supervision,enrich the applicable conditions of the principle of"itself illegal"in commercial trading habits,innovate the group identification standard of market dominant position,increase the company registration procedure of business concentration review,and pay attention to the possible administrative monopoly behavior in the company exit mechanism;In the field of responsibility bearing of market subjects,the two should jointly establish a governance system of public-private integration,internally encourage companies to actively assume social responsibility,strengthen internal governance,establish an anti-monopoly compliance system,externally optimize the responsibility constraints and sanctions of law enforcement agencies,and actively respond to market demand.