工作家庭的边界弹性对工作压力的影响机制研究

Research on the Influence Mechanism of the Boundary Elasticity of Working Family on Working Pressure

受新冠肺炎疫情影响,如何能更好地发挥工作中的“弹性”已成为企业革新用工模式的焦点议题,探究边界弹性发挥效用的机制对于企业走出疫情反复性僵局具有重要意义。本研究基于边界理论和资源保存理论,着重探讨边界弹性对工作压力的改善作用及影响机制,研究发现:员工所获得的边界弹性越强,则感知到的工作压力越小;进一步分析表明,边界弹性通过影响工作家庭冲突作用于工作压力,即负向抑制了工作家庭冲突和压力的增加,工作→家庭冲突和家庭→工作冲突在边界弹性和压力间分别起到了完全中介和部分中介作用,且工作自主期望正向调节了两者所起的中介效应,同时将其与边界弹性、疫情反复趋势组合建构成不同匹配状态的象限矩阵用以观测员工工作家庭冲突的动态变化。建议组织积极构筑家庭友好型工作环境,厘清员工不同等级的工作自主期望水平及其差异化需求,给予员工适度的弹性以缓和冲突带来的压力和负面效应,助力企业与员工摆脱疫情反复性僵局和职场高压困境。

How to give better play of“elasticity”in works has become the hot issue for enterprises to renovate the mode of labor due to COVID-19.Exploring the mechanism for boundary elasticity to take effects is of great significance for SMEs to break the deadlock of epidemic relapse.This research,by referring to the boundary theory and the theory of conservation of resources,focused on exploring the improvement and influence mechanism of boundary elasticity on working pressure.The research found that,stronger the boundary elasticity obtained by employees is,the less the working stress they feel;further analysis showed that boundary elasticity affects working pressure by influencing work-family conflicts,that is,it reduces such conflicts and relevant pressure.Work-family conflicts and family-work conflicts respectively played the roles of complete medium and partial medium between boundary elasticity and pressure;and self-expectation of work positively adjusted such roles of medium.We further integrated such self-expectation with boundary elasticity and relapse trend of the epidemic to form a quadrant matrix with different states to observe the dynamics of employees’work-family conflicts.We suggest organizations to actively build a family-friends working environment,sort out the different level of self-expectation and differentiated needs of employees and give employees certain elasticity to alleviate the pressure and negative effects of conflicts and help enterprises and employees to break the deadlock of epidemic relapse and high working pressure.