机械设备轻量化中间质量双层隔振技术研究

Two-stage mounting technology with lightweight intermediate mass for mechanical equipment

某些运用环境对机械设备的隔振装置设计既提出了高隔振指标,又对其重量、结构尺寸提出了严格限制,若采用传统的整体框架式中间质量的双层(或浮筏)隔振装置,其或因为隔振装置质量和安装空间过大,导致工程目标无法实现。基于此,本文提出一种将上、下层隔振器通过与刚性质量块相连接的紧凑型结构形式的轻量化双层隔振单元,并通过多个隔振单元按一定原则分布组成的多轻量化中间质量双层隔振系统来支撑机械设备,达到高效隔振、减轻中间质量目的的轻量化隔振效果。当前,国内外对整体框架式与轻量化双层隔振系统的性能缺乏对比研究,本文建立简化的解析与数值分析模型,分析系统设计参数对隔振效果的影响,并设计相应的实际系统进行验证。结果表明:在相同中间质量大小的条件下,轻量化中间质量形式可获得比框架式在全频段更好的隔振效果,为轻量化中间质量双层隔振系统设计提供了定性理论依据,并且该项技术已在舰船上得到成功应用。

In certain circumstances,stringent requirements on vibration isolation effectiveness,the weight of mounting device and physical dimension are demanded in designing mechanical equipment’s mounting devices for installation in confined spaces.Traditional two-stage mounting system having frame structure intermediate mass is inapplicable in dealing with high-power mechanical vibration isolation problem,leading to failure in accomplishing engineering goals due to excessive mass and installation dimension.A novel lightweight mounting technique was proposed to solve the problem.The two-stage mounting system with lightweight intermediate mass,which comprises of several compact lightweight two-stage mounting units that the upper and lower isolators are connected by rigid mass blocks,support the mechanical equipment to isolate vibration effectively and reduce the weight of intermediate mass.A comparison analysis on the influence of system parameters on vibration isolation efficiency between two-stage mounting system with frame structure intermediate mass and the system with lightweight intermediate mass was carried out through simplified analytical and numerical analysis models,and practical mounting systems were designed to verify theoretical and numerical simulations results.It is found that the two-stage mounting system with lightweight intermediate mass achieves a better vibration isolation efficiency than two-stage mounting system having frame structure intermediate mass with equivalent intermediate mass,which provides qualitative theoretical basis for the design of two-stage mounting systems with a lightweight intermediate mass.The technique has been successfully applied in naval vessels.