基于平面运动的酿酒葡萄采收装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of wine grape harvesting device based on plane motion

针对新疆酿酒葡萄树形松散、枝干较细等特点,利用曲柄摇杆机构中连杆与肋条相连,设计可实现平面运动的酿酒葡萄采收装置。对装置开展运动分析,构建采收装置运动学模型,确定影响装置工作性能的主要影响因素为曲柄转速、曲柄长度、肋条调节杆长度和夹持间距。建立酿酒葡萄采收装置虚拟样机,并进行仿真分析,获取肋条各作用点速度与加速度仿真数据,通过加速度分析可知,肋条两侧加速度均可满足酿酒葡萄振动采收需求。以曲柄转速、曲柄长度、夹持间距和肋条调节杆长度为影响因素,以分离率和破损率为指标,开展四因素三水平正交试验,获取最佳参数组合为曲柄转速840 r/min、曲柄长度28 mm、夹持间距100 mm、肋条调节杆长度410 mm,验证装置设计的合理性。

According to the characteristics of loose tree shape and thin branches of Xinjiang wine grape,a wine grape harvesting device which can realize plane motion is designed by using the connecting rod in the crank rocker mechanism connected with the rib.The motion analysis of the device is carried out,the kinematic model of the harvesting device is constructed,and it is determined that the main influencing factors affecting the working performance of the device are crank speed,crank length,the length and clamping spacing of the rib adjusting rod.The virtual prototype of wine grape harvesting device is established,and the simulation analysis is carried out to obtain the simulation data of the speed and acceleration of each action point of the rib.Through the acceleration analysis,it can be seen that the acceleration on both sides of the rib can meet the needs of wine grape vibration harvesting.Taking crank speed,crank length,clamping spacing and rib adjusting rod length as influencing factors and taking separation rate and damage rate as indicators,the four-factor and three-level orthogonal test is carried out.The best parameter combination is obtained as follows:crank speed 840 r/min,crank length 28 mm,clamping spacing 100 mm and rib adjusting rod length 410 mm.The rationality of the device design is verified.