为圣人辩护:宋代理学家对“舜不告而娶”的多元诠解

Defending the Saint:The Multi-perspectival Interpretations of "Shun Married without Telling His Parents" by the Neo-Confucianism Scholars in the Song Dynasty

“舜不告而娶”是孟子所述舜孝故事的典型之一,但自万章开始,也饱受质疑。特别是随着孟学获得巨大发展,此故事在宋代渐次成为程颐、游酢、张九成、胡宏以及朱熹、陆九渊等理学家关注的话题。他们通过设置不同的具体情境、依赖甚至强化延续祖先祭祀这一社会共同的心理结构,分别提出了“君命说”“原心说”以及“经权说”等诠解路径,为舜进行曲折而多元的辩护。这从一个侧面呈现了宋代理学的多种面相及多元发展的学术史意涵,也展示了“不告而娶”作为“有思想价值的事件”所蕴含的丰富内涵。

"Shun married without telling his parents" is a typical story concerning Shun’s filial piety told by Mencius.However,since the time of Wanzhans,this story has been questioned very often. With the tremendous development of Mengzi ideology,this story gradually became a topic of concern for Neo-Confucianism scholars such as Cheng Yi,You Zuo,Zhang Jiucheng,Hu Hong,Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan in the Song dynasty. They defended the saint’s behavior by setting up different specific situations,relying on or even reinforcing the continuation of the ancestral sacrifices as the common psychological structure of the society and put forward three interpretation paths respectively,such as "King’s Order" "Original Idea" and "Principle and Flexibility",to defend Shun in a tortuous and diversified way. This presents the various aspects of the implication of the academic history and the diversified developments of the NeoConfucianism in the Song dynasty from one side,and also shows the rich connotations contained in the story as an "event with ideological value".