明代家具交易形式考辨——以江南交易群体为中心

Research on the Trading Forms of Furniture in the Ming Dynasty——Centered on Jiangnan Trading Groups

在全球中国古代家具研究的百年历程中,由于历史材料疏阙,有关明代家具断代、产地、匠师、工具、价格、交易形式等挑战性问题迄今乏人问津。基于此,文章聚焦明代江南家具的交易形式,钩沉并归纳了交换、坐艺、兜售、店肆、借用、馈赠、贿赂、典质八种与书画古物近似的交易形式,通过对家具交易的类形、性质、差异以及赏鉴和好事两大交易群体的检视,考辨市场需求扩涨和供给短缺的博弈,在文献类比和互证中,证明髹漆和硬木家具在生产、交易、流通、消费、圮毁这一循环链中的事实。

In the century-long course of global Chinese classical furniture research,due to the sparse historical materials,there is no discussion on the challenging issues such as dating,origin,craftsmanship,tools,prices,and transaction forms of the Ming Dynasty furniture. On the basis of above reasons,this article focuses on the transaction forms of Jiangnan furniture in the Ming dynasty,analyzes and summarizes eight transaction forms similar to calligraphy and painting antiques,including exchange,sitting,peddling,shop,borrowing,gift,bribery,and pledge. Through the inspection of the form,nature,difference of furniture transactions and two trading groups of Connoisseurs and Doers,it also discriminates the game between market demand expansion and supply shortage. In the literature analogy and mutual proof,the article attests to the fact that paint and hardwood furniture are in the circular chain of production,trade,distribution,consumption,and destruction.