住院患者老年综合征发生情况及评估分析

Analysis of the occurrence and assessment of geriatric syndrome in hospitalized patients

目的 分析住院患者老年综合征的发生情况及特征,探讨老年综合征评估的方法及价值,为老年患者健康干预提供支持。方法 123例60岁以上老年住院患者作为研究对象,根据年龄将患者分为60~74岁组(53例)、75~84岁组(51例)、≥85岁组(19例)。对老年综合征发生情况以及共患慢性疾病情况进行回顾性分析和评估,同时对不同年龄组患者的老年综合征发生率进行对比分析。结果 123例患者中,合并1种慢性疾病者26例(21.1%),合并2种慢性疾病者57例(46.3%),合并3种慢性疾病者22例(17.9%),合并3种以上慢性疾病者18例(14.6%)。在慢性疾病类型方面,高血压、糖尿病及其并发症、高脂血症、冠心病的占比较高。三组患者的冠心病占比比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中≥85岁组患者的占比最高,为63.2%。三组患者的高血压、高脂血症、脑梗死、糖尿病及其并发症、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性肾功能不全占比比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在老年综合征发生类型中,衰弱、谵妄、焦虑抑郁、认知功能障碍的发生率相对较高,均>30%。三组患者的日常生活能力受限、衰弱、跌倒、视力障碍、听力障碍、认知功能障碍发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着年龄的增长,相关老年综合征的发生率也会随之增加。三组患者的尿失禁、慢性疼痛、营养不良、谵妄、焦虑抑郁发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 多数老年住院患者合并有慢性疾病,老年综合征的发生率较高,且类型较多,通过对老年综合征进行科学评估具有重要意义,可指导临床采取有效的干预措施,改善患者的健康状态及生活质量。

Objective To analyze the occurrence and characteristics of geriatric syndrome in hospitalized patients, explore the method and value of geriatric syndrome assessment, and provide support for the health intervention of elderly patients. Methods A total of 123 elderly hospitalized patients over 60 years old were selected as the research subjects. According to their age, the patients were divided into 60-74 years old group(53 cases), 75-84 years old group(51 cases), and ≥85 years old group(19 cases). The occurrence of geriatric syndrome and comorbid chronic diseases were retrospectively analyzed and evaluated, and the incidence of geriatric syndrome in different age groups was compared. Results Of the 123 patients, 26 cases(21.1%) had a combination of 1 chronic disease, 57 cases(46.3%) had a combination of 2 chronic diseases, 22 cases(17.9%) had a combination of 3 chronic diseases, and 18 cases(14.6%) had a combination of more than 3 chronic diseases. In terms of chronic disease types, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and its complications, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease accounted for a higher proportion. The proportion of coronary heart disease in the three groups was compared, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05), with the highest percentage of 63.2% in ≥85 years old group. The differences were not statistically significant when comparing the proportion of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebral infarction, diabetes mellitus and its complications, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic renal insufficiency in the three groups(P>0.05). Among the types of geriatric syndromes, the incidences of frailty, delirium, anxiety and depression, and cognitive dysfunction were relatively high, all >30%. The differences were statistically significant when comparing the incidence of limited ability of daily living, frailty, falls, vision disorder, hearing disorder, and cognitive dysfunction in the three groups(P<0.05),and the incidence of related geriatric syndromes increased with age. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rates of urinary incontinence, chronic pain, malnutrition, delirium, anxiety and depression among the three groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Most elderly hospitalized patients have a combination of chronic diseases,and the incidence of geriatric syndromes is high and there are many types of geriatric syndromes. Scientific assessment of geriatric syndromes is of great significance and can guide the clinic to take effective interventions to improve the health status and quality of life of patients.