孕前体重指数及孕期体重增长与妊娠结局的相关性分析

Analysis on Correlation of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain with Pregnancy Outcome

目的:探讨观察孕前体重指数及孕期体重增长与妊娠结局的相关性。方法:选取2020年6月-2021年6月北京市顺义区妇幼保健院产科进行孕检的孕妇114例为研究对象,结合孕妇体重指数分组(偏瘦是<18.5 kg/m^(2),正常是18.5~23.9 kg/m^(2),超重是>23.9 kg/m^(2)),将其分为偏瘦组10例、正常组68例、超重组36例。结合114例孕妇孕期体重增长幅度将其分为小幅度组(体重增长<15 kg)20例、中幅度组(体重增长15~20 kg)54例、大幅度组(体重增长>20 kg)40例。比较孕妇的分娩方式、妊娠并发症率、新生儿结局。结果:超重组剖宫产率大于正常组、偏瘦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);超重组妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病发生率大于正常组、偏瘦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超重组早产、巨大儿发生率大于正常组、偏瘦组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小幅度组、中幅度组、大幅度组分娩方式比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);小幅度组、中幅度组、大幅度组妊娠并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);大幅度组早产、巨大儿发生率大于小幅度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:孕前体重指数和孕期体重增长幅度会对分娩方式、妊娠并发症发生率以及新生儿结局造成影响,备孕女性应做好体重调节,适当控制体重增长幅度,为顺利备孕、良好妊娠结局提供基础支持。

Objective: To investigate the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcome. Methods: From June 2020 to June 2021, 114 pregnant women who underwent pregnancy examination in the Obstetrics Department of Beijing Shunyi District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as the research objects. Combined with the body mass index (lean < 18.5 kg/m^(2), normal 18.5~23.9 kg/m^(2), overweight > 23.9 kg/m^(2)) of pregnant women, they were divided into lean group (10 cases), normal group (68 cases) and overweight group (36 cases). Combined with 114 pregnant women′s weight gain during pregnancy, they were divided into small extent group (weight gain < 15 kg, 20 cases), medium extent group (weight gain 15~20 kg, 54 cases) and large extent group (weight gain > 20 kg, 40 cases). The mode of delivery, pregnancy complication rates of pregnant women, and neonatal outcomes were compared. Results: The cesarean section rate of overweight group was higher than that of normal group and lean group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05);The incidence of gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes in overweight group was higher than that in normal group and lean group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of preterm birth and macrosomia in overweight group was higher than that in normal group and lean group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the mode of delivery among the small extent group, the medium extent group, and the large extent group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pregnancy complications among the small extent group, the medium extent group, and the large extent group (P>0.05). The incidence of premature birth and macrosomia in the large extent group was higher than that in the small extent group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pre-pregnancy body mass index and the range of weight gain during pregnancy will affect the mode of delivery, the incidence of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. Women who are preparing for pregnancy should be instructed to adjust their weight and appropriately control the range of weight gain, which provide basic support for smooth preparation and good pregnancy outcomes.