不同驱虫药对伊犁马营养物质表观消化率的影响

Effects of Different Anthelmintics on Apparent Nutrient Digestibility in Yili Horses

[目的]研究不同驱虫药对伊犁马营养物质表观消化率的影响,为驱虫药在马属动物养殖中的科学应用提供参考。[方法]选择平均体重相近的1岁龄伊犁马40匹,随机分为5组,每组8匹(公母各半),分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组和试验Ⅳ组。在相同的饲养管理和日粮营养水平条件下,对照组马不驱虫,试验Ⅰ组马灌服伊维菌素乳剂0.1 mL/(kg·BW),试验Ⅱ组马灌服吡喹酮片剂0.01 g/(kg·BW),试验Ⅲ组马灌服阿苯达唑片剂0.025 g/(kg·BW),试验Ⅳ组马灌服伊维菌素10 mg/(kg·BW)+阿苯达唑350 mg/(kg·BW)。驱虫后进行20 d的消化代谢试验,预试期15 d,正试期5 d;正试期采用全收粪法采集样品,测定或计算马营养物质消化代谢指标。[结果]试验Ⅳ组的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、粗蛋白(CP)、总能(GE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、磷(P)采食量和排出量高于其他4组(P>0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组的DM、OM、GE、NDF、ADF、Ca和P消化量与对照组相比均有所提升(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的DM、OM、CP、GE、NDF、ADF、Ca和P表观消化率提高幅度分别为1.91%、1.87%、1.42%、2.27%、3.05%、2.13%、13.68%和2.06%(P>0.05),试验Ⅲ组的DM、OM、GE、NDF、ADF、Ca和P表观消化率与对照组相比提高幅度分别为2.45%、2.83%、2.26%、2.10%、1.20%、20.24%和6.55%(P>0.05);试验Ⅳ组除Ca的表观消化率高于对照组(P>0.05),其余营养物质的表观消化率均低于对照组(P>0.05)。[结论]在该试验条件下,单独使用吡喹酮片剂或阿苯达唑片剂对1岁龄伊犁马进行驱虫处理,对提高营养物质表观消化率表现出一定的积极作用。

[Objective]The purposes of this study were to assess the effects of different anthelmintics on apparent nutrient digestibility in Yili horses and to provide a reference for the scientific use of anthelmintics in equine farming.[Method]A total of 401-year-old Yili horses with similar average weight were randomly divided into 5 groups(a control group and experimental groupsⅠtoⅣ)with 8 horses(half males and half females)in each group.All of the experimental horses were reared under the same feeding management condition and dietary nutrition level.The control group were not dewormed,the experimental groupsⅠtoⅣwere dewormed with ivermectin emulsion 0.1 mL/(kg·BW),praziquantel tablets 0.01 g/(kg·BW),albendazole tablets 0.025 g/(kg·BW),and ivermectin 10 mg/(kg·BW)+albendazole 350 mg/(kg·BW),respectively.A 20-day digestive and metabolic test composed of a 15-day pre-test and a 5-day formal test was conducted after deworming.Samples were collected using the whole fecal collection method during the formal test to determine or calculate the digestive and metabolic indexes of nutrients.[Result]The intake and output of dry matter(DM),organic matter(OM),crude protein(CP),general energy(GE),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acidic detergent fiber(ADF)and phosphorus(P)in experimental groupⅣwere higher than those in the other four groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the digestibility of DM,OM,GE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P in experimental groupsⅡandⅢwere increased(P>0.05)in a certain extent.In comparison to the control group,the apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,GE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P in experimental groupⅡwas increased by 1.91%,1.87%,1.42%,2.27%,3.05%,2.13%,13.68%and 2.06%(P>0.05),respectively,and that of DM,OM,GE,NDF,ADF,Ca and P in experimental groupⅢwas elevated by 2.45%,2.83%,2.26%,2.10%,1.20%,20.24%and 6.55%(P>0.05),respectively.The apparent digestibility of nutrients in experimental groupⅣwas lower than that in control group(P>0.05),with the exception of Ca,whose apparent digestibility was higher than that of control group(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Under the experimental conditions,deworming with praziquantel tablets or albendazole tablets alone favourably affected the apparent nutrient digestibility in 1-year-old Yili horses.