“应用解释学”之“应用”——以伽达默尔的“大学理念”为例

“Application” of “Applied Hermeneutics”——Taking Gadamer’s “Idea of the University” as an Example

伽达默尔的解释学既可称为“实践解释学”,也可称为“应用解释学”。对应于“实践”,这里的“应用”有两层含义:一是作为解释学一个普遍原则的“应用”,它与“理解”和“解释”一起构成解释学的三要素;二是相对于解释学“理论”的“应用”。区分这两点有利于避免一些无谓的争论,伽达默尔的“大学理念”就是一个例证。伽达默尔主要继承了洪堡的“大学理念”,并从哲学解释学的立场来加以发挥,因此,伽达默尔的“大学理念”从属于伽达默尔的实践解释学,也是这种解释学的具体应用。伽达默尔的“大学理念”所蕴含的观点对当今我国高等教育的改革有着重要的启发意义。

Gadamer’s hermeneutics can be called either “practical hermeneutics” or “applied hermeneutics”. Corresponding to “practice”, “application” here has two meanings: one is “application” as a universal principle of hermeneutics, which together with “understanding” and “interpretation” constitutes the three elements of hermeneutics;the other is the “application” to the “theory” of hermeneutics. The distinction between these two points is helpful to avoid some unnecessary arguments. This paper takes Gadamer’s “idea of university”as an example to illustrate this point. Such a concept in Gadamer mainly inherited the Humboldt’s idea of university from the standpoint of the philosophical hermeneutics. It belongs to Gadamer’s practical hermeneutics, and can be also regarded as a concrete application of this kind of hermeneutics. The views contained therein have important enlightening significance for the reform of the higher education in our country.