“帝国主义”问题与20世纪中国革命的世界视野

The Issue on Imperialism and the Global Vision of Chinese Revolution in the Twentieth Century

由中国近代思想史、政治史的演进脉络来看,从庚子事变后梁启超向国人介绍西方列强的“灭国新法”开始,近代中国知识分子就已将帝国主义问题作为思考中国内外状况的重要切入点了。五四新文化运动之后,列宁的帝国主义论传入中国,它在继承先前理论遗产的基础上,进一步探讨了帝国主义国家之间不可调和的矛盾,殖民地与半殖民地民族解放运动的正当性与必要性。这对于中国共产党分析时局、制定战略影响极大,它促使革命者在剖析中国内外局势的同时,不断思考新的政治力量如何产生。而真正将列宁的帝国主义论内化为中国革命理论资源的,还数毛泽东关于中国处于内外统治阶级统治的双重薄弱环节与中国内部不均衡性的论述。

In terms of the progression of Chinese modern intellectual and political history, since Liang Qichao’s introduction of “a new method to annihilate a country” into China after Gengzi incident in 1900, modern Chinese intellectuals have taken the issue on Imperialism as an important point of entry as they considered the domestic and foreign situations of China. After the May Fourth New Cultural Movement, Lenin’s theory on Imperialism was introduced into China. On the basis of inheriting the previous theories, Lenin’s further explored the irreconcilable contradictions among imperialist countries and the legitimacy and necessity of national liberation movements in colonies and half-colonies. This theory had significant influences on the Chinese Communist Party’s analyses of current situation and formulation of strategies. It prompted revolutionists to keep thinking about how new political forces may rise when analyzing the domestic and foreign situations of China. However, what truly internalized Lenin’s theory on Imperialism as a theoretical resource of Chinese Revolution was Mao Zedong’s discourse that China was still in the double weak link of the internal and external ruling classes and the suffers an internal imbalance.