道路交通事故社会救助基金的社会法属性探讨——兼论社会救助与社会补偿的界分及其价值

On the Social Law Attributes of Social Aid Funds for Road Traffic Accidents:Also a Discussion on the Distinction between Social Compensation and Social Assistance and Its Values

道路交通事故社会救助基金是《民法典》侵权责任编、《道路交通事故社会救助基金管理办法》、《社会救助法(草案征求意见稿)》等多部横跨不同部门法的法律法规所关注的重要制度。有关其社会法属性的主要学说有社会救助说和社会补偿说,社会救助说的直接论证路径和间接论证路径都存在缺陷,而社会补偿说可以从制度发展、命名方式、思想理念、概念构成等多个维度得到有力阐释。社会补偿说的理论重述具有重要的制度价值,既有利于维护法律制度的体系性,又能够在规范资金来源、扩大保障对象、划定保障范围、界定追偿对象等方面发挥重要作用。

Social Aid Funds for Road Traffic Accidents is an important system concerned by many laws and regulations, such as the Book Seven Tort Liability of the Civil Code, Measures for the Management of Social Aid Funds for Road Traffic Accidents, and Social Assistance Law(Draft for Comments). The main theories related to its social law attributes are social assistance theory and social compensation theory. Both the direct and indirect demonstration paths of the social assistance theory are flawed, while the social compensation theory can be effectively explained from multiple dimensions such as institutional development, naming method, ideological concept, and concept composition. The theoretical restatement of the social compensation theory has important institutional values, including maintaining the systemic nature of the legal system, regulating the financial sources of funds, expanding the objects of protection, delimiting the scope of protection, and defining the objects of recourse.