不同速度模式下列车通过隧道引起的压力波的比较研究

Comparative investigations of pressure waves induced by trains passing through a tunnel with different speed modes

高速列车通过隧道所产生的压力波动对列车结构和司乘人员的人耳舒适性会产生不利影响,而列车以减速模式通过隧道可缓解此种不利影响。因此,为研究不同速度模式对列车通过隧道引起的压力波的影响,本文采用三维可压缩非定常雷诺时均模型,利用滑移网格方法对三种不同速度模式(350 km/h匀速,350 km/h~300 km/h匀减速,以及350 km/h~250 km/h匀减速)下列车通过隧道时列车表面和隧道壁面压力波进行数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,不同速度模式导致列车尾部进入隧道时的速度不同,最终产生的膨胀波和反射的压缩波强度也不同。与匀速模式相比,两种匀减速模式中列车表面压力峰峰值差异最大为11.0%。不同速度模式下隧道壁面的最大正压差异是列车进入隧道过程中摩擦效应的衰减不同造成的,最大差异为12.8%。隧道壁面最大负压的差异是由于不同速度模式下列车到达同一测点速度和压力波强度不同造成,最大差异为15.8%。由此可见,高速列车通过隧道过程中采用减速模式可以有效缓解隧道内的气动效应,对隧道壁面压力的缓解作用大于对列车表面压力的缓解作用。

Pressure waves induced by high-speed trains passing through a tunnel have adverse effects on train structures and passenger comfort. These adverse effects can be alleviated when the train passing through the tunnel with a speed mode of deceleration. Thus, to investigate the effect of speed modes on pressure waves, three-dimensional compressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations and the sliding mesh are used to simulate pressure waves on train surfaces and tunnel walls when trains passing through a tunnel with three different speed modes(a constant speed at350 km/h, a uniform deceleration from 350 to 300 km/h, and another uniform deceleration from 350 to 250 km/h).Compared with the constant speed, the peak-to-peak of the train surface pressure under the other two speed modes reaches a maximum difference of 11.0%. The maximum positive pressure difference of the tunnel wall under different speed modes is caused by the different attenuation of the friction effect when the train enters the tunnel, and the maximum difference is 12.8%. The difference of the maximum negative pressure on the tunnel wall is caused by the different speed and pressure wave intensity of the train arriving at the same measuring point in different speed modes,and the maximum difference is 15.8%. Hence, it can be concluded that a speed mode of deceleration for trains passing a tunnel can effectively alleviate the aerodynamic effect in the tunnel, especially for the pressure on the tunnel wall.