福建醇化烟叶仓库空气中真菌多样性研究

Diversity of Aerial Fungi in Tobacco Warehouse in Fujian Province

为研究烟叶醇化仓库空气中真菌的多样性,选取龙岩东肖、龙岩红炭山、厦门东孚3座烟叶仓库1~5楼层的空气为研究对象,于2019年1—12月利用空气采样法对仓库各楼层空气中真菌进行月度采集、分离、鉴定。结果表明:(1)3座仓库各楼层空气中真菌的含量均呈现夏季多而其他季节少的规律,东肖、红炭山仓库空气中真菌的含量高于东孚仓库,其最高值分别是东孚仓库的10.9倍和9.4倍。(2)3座仓库空气中共分离获得835株真菌,归属于3个门、10个纲、54个属、158个种,且优势菌属为Penicillium、Cladosporium和Aspergillus,菌株数量占仓库空气中分离所得总菌株数比例大于10%的菌种为P.citrinum、P.corylophilum、C.halotolerans、C.cladosporioides和C.tenuissimum。韦恩图分析结果表明,东肖、红炭山、东孚仓库空气中分离获得的真菌种类数分别为68、92、68。其中,3座仓库共有的真菌为20种,东肖、红炭山、东孚仓库特有的真菌种类数分别为26、45、37。(3)一年中,仓库空气中真菌种类在冬季相对较多,而在春末夏初相对较少。C.cladosporioides、C.tenuissimum和P.citrinum是仓库空气中较为稳定存在的真菌菌种。

To study the diversity of fungi in the air of tobacco warehouses,monthly collection,isolation and identification of fungi in the air of floors 1-5 of 3 warehouses(Dongxiao in Longyan,Hongtanshan in Longyan and Dongfu in Xiamen)were carried out with the air sampling method from January to December in 2019.The results showed that:(1)The fungal quantity in the air of each floor of the three warehouses was high in summer but low in other seasons,and the content of fungi in the air of Dongxiao and Hongtanshan warehouses were higher than that of Dongfu,with the highest value being 10.9 and 9.4 times of Dongfu,respectively.(2)A total of 835 fungal strains,belonging to 3 phyla,10 classes,54 genera and 158 species,were obtained from the 3 warehouses.The dominant genera were Penicillium,Cladosporium and Aspergillus.P.Citrinum,P.Corylophilum,C.Halotolerans,C.Cladosporioides and C.Tenuissimum were the species that accounted for more than 10%of the total isolates number in the air of the tobacco warehouses.The results of Venn diagram analysis showed that 68,92 and 68 species of fungi existed in the warehouses of Dongxiao,Hongtanshan and Dongfu,respectively.20 species were common to the 3 warehouses,and the numbers of specific species for the warehouses in Dongxiao,Hongtanshan and Dongfu were 26,45 and 37,respectively.(3)The numbers of fungal species in the air of tobacco warehouses were relatively high in winter,but relatively low in late spring and early summer over a period of one year.C.cladosporioides,C.tenuissimum and P.citrinum were relatively steady fungal species in the air of tobacco warehouses.