“山水楼”模式:基于艺文分析的昆明西山-滇池-大观楼传统公共园林景观偏好研究

"Mountain-Water-Pavilion"Model:Study on the Landscape Preference of Traditional Public Garden West Mountain-Dian Lake-Daguan Pavilion in Kunming Based on the Analysis of Art and Literature

中国传统公共园林由士绅官员、文人墨客、地方民众等历经千百年共同建构、感知,承载着中华民族集体的景观偏好。以西南边疆云南省省会昆明的西山-滇池-大观楼传统公共园林为例,整理描写其景观特征的330篇古代艺文,通过Nvivo软件,运用扎根理论从五感角度分析艺文内容,并对艺文景观偏好进行三级编码。研究发现:1)视觉景观在艺文中出现的占比最高,听觉、触觉、嗅觉次之,分别为99%、36%、24%、7%,视觉和听觉同时出现的艺文占比高达35%;2)“山水楼”是中国传统公共园林重要的景观偏好模式,蕴含了中国传统公共园林营造智慧和中国人集体景观审美意识。昆明“山水楼”模式的出现,是中华民族在西南边陲地区“一带一路”文化传播的见证。

Over thousands of years,traditional Chinese public gardens have been conceived and implemented by scholarly officials,academics and local inhabitants,that reflect the collective landscape preferences of the Chinese culture.330 preferences in ancient art and literature describing landscape features from the perspective of the five senses was coded using Nvivo software and incorporated grounded theory methods.The traditional public garden West Mountain-Dian Lake-Daguan Pavilion in Kunming,capital of Yunnan province in southwest China is an example of a site used in this study.The results showed that:1)The visual landscape is most significant and frequent factor,followed by soundscape,tactile landscape and olfactory landscape,with 99%,36%,24%,and 7%,respectively,the appearance of visual and auditory references in art and literature is as high as 35%;2)"Mountain-Water-Pavilion"is an important landscape concept in the design of traditional Chinese public gardens,a concept that contains the wisdom of traditional public garden design and the collective landscape aesthetic of vernacular Chinese culture.The pattern of"Mountain-WaterPavilion"in Kunming is an example of the cultural transmission of"Belt and Road Initiative"in southwest China.