基于“格局+要素”范式的历史园林保护研究——以绛守居园池为例

Study on the Conservation of Historic Garden Based on the"Configuration+Elements"Paradigm:Taking the Prefecture’s Park of Jiangshou as an Example

历史园林是一种处于自然周期中的活态型遗产,其保护具有特殊性。在忒休斯悖论的启发下,以《佛罗伦萨宪章》为指导,对历史园林保护方法进行梳理与思辨。历史园林的格局是遗产整体性和真实性的基础,呈现历时特征;要素易变且部分有生长性,是整体性的必要条件,体现了共时性的特点,但真实性矛盾尖锐。在此基础上提出格局第一性,要素第二性的观点,建构了一种基于“格局修复,要素更替”的理论范式,并以绛守居园池为例,以实证类推理论进行实践检验。通过总结历史园林的保护方法,探讨历史园林保护、修复与更新的边界和尺度问题,为相关实践提供借鉴。

Historic garden is a living heritage in the natural cycle,and its protection has particularity.Inspired by Theseus’Paradox and guided by the Florence Charter,this paper sorts out and speculates on the protection methods of historical gardens.It is believed that the historical and diachronic characteristics of the landscape are the basis of the study of the landscape heritage;elements are changeable and some are growing,which is a necessary condition for integrity and reflects the characteristics of synchronicity,but the contradiction in authenticity is acute.On this basis,the paper puts forward the viewpoint of pattern first and element second,constructs a theoretical paradigm and practical method based on"pattern restoration and element replacement",and takes the Prefecture’s Park of Jiangshou as an example to test it with the empirical analogy theory.By summarizing the protection methods of historical gardens,this paper discusses the boundary and scale of the protection,restoration and renewal of historical gardens,so as to provide reference for relevant practices.