民法典时代营业地役权的构造与规制

The Structure and Regulation of Business Restricted Easement in the Era of Civil Code

研究目的:体系化解释《民法典》地役权规范,剖析营业限制条款发生设立地役权法律效果应具备的条件,规制营业地役权产生的过度限制竞争问题,以优化营商环境。研究方法:规范分析法、文献分析法。研究结果:设立营业地役权需符合地役权基本构成,并区分限制的类型进行效力校验。为规制营业地役权产生的过度限制竞争后果,应从行权效果上判断是否构成权利滥用;当地役权设立人具有市场支配地位,则适用《反垄断法》分步骤判断是否构成滥用市场支配地位。研究结论:《民法典》地役权规范的解释适用需要重视类型化思维与商事思维,实现静态规范与动态治理的均衡。

The purposes of this paper are to systematically explain the easement norms of the Civil Code,to determine the conditions that should be met by the business restriction clause to have the effect of establishing an easement,to regulate the excessive restriction of competition caused by the business easement,and to optimize the business environment.The methods of normative analysis and literature analysis are employed.The results indicate that the establishment of a business restricted easement shall conform to the basic composition of easement,and the validity of it shall be checked by distinguishing the types of restrictions.In order to regulate the consequences of excessively restricting competition caused by business restricted easements,we can identify whether it constitutes abuse of rights from the effect of the exercise of the right.When the creator of the easement has a dominant market position,it must also be reviewed in the Anti-Monopoly Law to determine whether it constitutes an abuse of the dominant market position.In conclusion,the interpretation and application of the Civil Code norms need to pay attention to typed thinking and commercial thinking,to achieve a balance between static norms and dynamic governance.