协商购买作为征地先行程序的依据与构造

Basis and Framework of Negotiation and Purchase as the Priority Procedure of Land Acquisitions

研究目的:明确协商购买作为征地先行程序的宪法基础和制度资源,设计协商购买征地先行程序。研究方法:规范分析、比较分析。研究结果:(1)协商购买作为征地先行程序具有宪法基础,不仅没有违反宪法第10条第4款,而且是宪法第10条第3款的内在要求,也与基本权利的程序保障功能吻合;(2)协商购买作为征地先行程序有其制度资源,征地补偿可以作为确定购买价格的依据;协商购买程序与开放建构的征地程序合拍;行政协议制度为协商购买争议解决奠定基础。研究结论:协商购买应当作为征地的强制先行程序,县级以上人民政府应当在申请征收前善意地向农民集体及其成员提出购买要约,购买价格可以参考且不得低于征地补偿,协商步骤安排应当兼顾行政效率与农民权益保障。

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the constitutional basis and institutional resources of negotiation and purchase as the priority procedure of land acquisitions.The research adopted include normative analysis and comparative survey.The results show that:1)the negotiation and purchase as the priority procedure have constitutional basis,which not only does not violate Article 10(4)of the Constitution,but also is the inherent requirement of Article 10(3)of the Constitution,and is consistent with the procedural guarantee function of basic rights.2)Negotiation and purchase as the priority procedure of land acquisitions have institutional resources,i.e.,land acquisition compensation can be used as the basis for determining the purchase price,the negotiation and purchase procedure is in consistent with the open-constructed land acquisition procedure,and the administrative contracts system lays the foundation for settling negotiation and purchase disputes.In conclusion,the government at or above the county level should make a purchase offer to the rural collective and its members in good faith before applying for land acquisitions.The purchase price can be based on and should not be lower than land acquisition compensation,and the arrangement of negotiation steps should consider both the administrative efficiency and the protection of farmers’rights and interests.