致人于危险情境与民事侵权间的逻辑分析--以“江歌母亲诉刘鑫民事侵权案”为例

An Analysis of The Logical Relationship between Putting Someone in Danger and Civil Tort: Taking “Jiang Ge’s mother vs. Liu Xin civil tort case” as An Example

致人于危险情境后又不予施救造成他人损害是否构成民事侵权,致人于危险情境与民事侵权间的逻辑关系到底如何?由于我国《民法典》侵权责任编中并无直接的法律条文进行规制,在司法实践中存在着理解和适用困难。本文以“江歌母亲诉刘鑫民事侵权案”为例,通过分析《民法典》中对救助义务的相关规定,界定致人于危险情境引发的救助义务在《民法典》中的性质和地位,分析在这一情形下致害人为什么具有救助义务,致害人应承担的义务范围,同时在此基础之上,明晰影响致害人承担救助义务的其他考量因素,提出致人于危险情境的构成要件应当区别于普通侵权行为的构成要件。

Does putting someone in danger and then failing to rescue it, which causes injury to the victim, constitute civil tort? What is the logical relationship between putting someone in danger and civil tort? Since there are no direct legal regulations in this respect in the tort liability part of the Civil Code of China, there are difficulties in understanding and applying relevant clauses in legal practice. Taking "Jiang Ge’s mother vs. Liu Xin civil tort case" as an example, this paper analyzes relevant provisions in the Civil Code on the duty to rescue, defines the attribute and status of the duty to rescue arising from putting someone in danger in the Civil Code, and explores why the person inflicting injury should fulfill the duty to rescue and the scope of the duty under such circumstance. Based on the above, this paper also clarifies the other considerations that influence the person inflicting injury to assume the duty to rescue, and proposes the idea that the elements of putting someone in danger should differ from those of ordinary torts.