合作、开放与升级:外资股权结构如何影响内销与出口企业的技能升级

Cooperation,open and upgrade:How does foreign ownership structure affect the skill upgrade of domestic-sale and export enterprises?

面对当前新冠疫情和中美贸易冲突的双重冲击,如何实现技术与产品的升级、畅通国内国际双循环已成为困扰中国政府与企业的主要难题.本文在异质性企业理论框架下,将外资股权结构引入企业的技能需求函数,探讨了外资股权结构对出口企业和内销企业技能升级的影响,并基于2000-2008年的工业企业数据库对模型推论进行实证检验.理论与实证分析的结果一致表明:1)在相同外资比重下,出口企业技能工资总是高于内销企业的技能工资;2)内销企业和出口企业的技能工资都会随着外资比重的上升而提高,但出口企业的这一性质只在外资实际控股时才成立;3)当外资比重超过0.5的控股水平时,企业支付意愿会出现实质性改变,推动企业技能工资发生跳跃式提高,而且出口企业的技能升级幅度更大.研究表明,继续扩大对外开放的水平、放开外资准入的管制、加强内外资间的合作,能够更有效地推动中国企业的技术进步与技能升级,协同推进强大国内市场和贸易强国建设.

Faced with the double shock of COVID-19 and Sino-US trade conflict,how to upgrade technology and products and then establish a "dual circulation" development pattern has become the major challenges for Chinese government and enterprises.Under the framework of heterogeneous enterprise theory,this paper introduces foreign ownership structure into enterprise skill demand function,and discusses the influence of foreign ownership structure on the skill upgrade of export enterprises and domestic enterprises.And this paper make empirical verification for the model deductions,based on the data of industrial enterprise from 2000 to 2008.The results confirm that:1) The skilled wage of export enterprises are always higher than that of domestic enterprises based on the same proportion of foreign capital;2) The skilled wage of domestic-sale and export firms will increase with higher proportion of foreign capital,but the characteristics of the latter only holds for foreign-ownership enterprises;3) Once the proportion of foreign exceed 0.5,it will induce a dramatic change for corporate culture,and thus impulse the skilled wage jump up into a higher level which is more prominent among exporters.It is showed that continuing to expand the level of opening to the outside world,lifting control on foreign capital,strengthening the cooperation between domestic and foreign capital can more effectively promote the technology promotion and skill upgrading of Chinese enterprises,and jointly accelerate the establishment of an expanding domestic market and a leading trade power.