2017-2020年广西壮族自治区沿海地区碘缺乏病监测情况调查

Surveillance of iodine deficiency disorders in coastal areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2020

目的了解广西壮族自治区(简称广西)沿海地区儿童和孕妇碘缺乏病病情现状。方法2017年1月至2020年12月,选择广西沿海地区北海市、钦州市、防城港市的12个县(市、区)作为调查地点,开展碘缺乏病病情监测。每个县(市、区)按行政区域分为东、西、南、北、中5个片区,每个片区抽取1个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)选取40名8~10岁非寄宿儿童(年龄均衡、男女各半)和20名孕妇作为调查对象。采集儿童和孕妇家中食用盐盐样、尿样,检测盐碘、尿碘含量;并测量儿童甲状腺容积,计算甲状腺肿大率。结果2017-2020年,共监测8905名儿童,儿童盐碘中位数为23.4 mg/kg,各年度盐碘中位数分别为23.7、22.8、23.5、23.6 mg/kg;儿童尿碘中位数为164.7μg/L,各年度尿碘中位数分别为161.2、169.7、156.0、171.1μg/L;其中,30人患有甲状腺肿大,儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.34%(30/8905)。共监测6626名孕妇,孕妇盐碘中位数为23.5 mg/kg,各年度盐碘中位数分别为23.7、22.5、24.3、23.8 mg/kg;孕妇尿碘中位数为139.6μg/L,各年度尿碘中位数分别为129.6、131.6、134.4、175.0μg/L。结论广西沿海地区儿童碘营养处于适宜水平(100~199μg/L),甲状腺肿大率达到国家碘缺乏病消除标准(<5%);但孕妇存在碘缺乏的风险(尿碘<150μg/L)。

Objective To learn about the status of iodine deficiency disorders in children and pregnant women in coastal areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Guangxi for short).Methods From January 2017 to December 2020,12 counties(cities,districts)in Beihai City,Qinzhou City and Fangchenggang City in coastal areas of Guangxi were selected as the survey sites to carry out iodine deficiency disorders monitoring.Each county(city,district)was divided into five areas according to administrative regions:East,West,South,North and Middle.One township(town)was selected from each area,and 40 non-boarding children aged 8 to 10(age balanced,half male and half female)and 20 pregnant women were selected from each township(town)as the survey subjects.Edible salt samples and urine samples were collected from children and pregnant women to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels;thyroid volume of children was determined and the rate of goiter was calculated.Results From 2017 to 2020,a total of 8905 children were monitored,and the median salt iodine of children was 23.4 mg/kg,and the medians salt iodine in each year were 23.7,22.8,23.5,23.6 mg/kg,respectively;the median urinary iodine of children was 164.7μg/L,and the medians urinary iodine in each year were 161.2,169.7,156.0,171.1μg/L,respectively;30 of them had goiter,the rate of goiter of children was 0.34%(30/8905).A total of 6626 pregnant women were monitored,and the median salt iodine of pregnant women was 23.5 mg/kg,and the medians salt iodine in each year were 23.7,22.5,24.3,23.8 mg/kg,respectively;the median urinary iodine of pregnant women was 139.6μg/L,and the medians urinary iodine in each year were 129.6,131.6,134.4,175.0μg/L,respectively.Conclusions The iodine nutrition of children in coastal areas of Guangxi is at an appropriate level(100-199μg/L),and the rate of goiter has reached the national iodine deficiency disorders elimination standard(<5%).But pregnant women are at risk of iodine deficiency(urinary iodine<150μg/L).