1990~2019年全球啤酒花种植解析

Geography of World Hop Production 1990-2019

本文介绍了全球各国的啤酒花种植面积和产量的地域分布情况,包括它们的发展过程及分布依据。在近30年时间跨度中,全球啤酒花种植面积大幅下降,降幅超过四分之一。然而,由于啤酒花单位面积产量的大幅提高,全球啤酒花产量仍略有增长。当前,啤酒花的种植面积和产量高度集中在九个主要的啤酒花生产国。美国和德国约占全球种植面积的三分之二和当前全球产量的四分之三。新西兰、美国的产量增幅明显,德国和波兰的产量也略有增加,而澳大利亚、捷克、斯洛文尼亚,尤其是中国和英国产量递减。啤酒花种植对德国、捷克,尤其是斯洛文尼亚的农业非常重要,这些国家的人均啤酒花指标值及啤酒花出口最高。未来几年,啤酒花生产的发展趋势将取决于新的高产啤酒花品种的引进,以及与啤酒花价格波动、种植利润、啤酒厂需求相关联的啤酒花种植面积的变动。

Described in the article is the territorial distribution of the area of cultivated hops and hop production by the countries of theworld,including the development and the grounds for their distribution.In the monitored period,the world area of cultivated hops decreased significantly,by more than a quarter.However,world hop production has grown little due to a substantial increase in hop yields.The area of cultivated hops and hop production are currently highly concentrated in the nine main hop producing countries.Roughly two thirds of the current area and three quarters of current production worldwide is attributable to the USA and Germany.Production increased in New Zealand,the USA,and to a lesser extent in Germany and Poland,while Australia,Czechia,Slovenia and especially China and the United Kingdom reduced production.Hop growing is very important for the agriculture of Germany,Czechia,and in particular Slovenia.These countries have the highest values of monitored hop indicators per capita,including hop export.The development of hop production in the coming years will depend on the introduction of new high-yielding hop varieties and enlargement or reduction of the area of cultivated hops in connection with hop price changes,profitability of hop growing and demand of breweries.