发酵中药对夏季育肥羔羊生长性能和免疫性能的影响

Effects of fermented Chinese herbal on growth performance and immune performance of fattening lambs in summer

选择160只育肥羔羊,随机分为对照组和中药组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,中药组添加日粮干物质基础1.0%的发酵中药,试验周期90 d,试验前期(1~45 d)温湿指数(THI)为79.04,羊处于中度热应激状态,试验后期(46~90 d)羊处于非热应激状态。结果显示:(1)发酵中药显著提高了育肥羔羊的日增重(P<0.05),降低了料重比(P<0.01),尤其试验前期,显著提高了日采食量(P<0.01),中药组相比对照组提高了11.5%。(2)发酵中药显著降低了15 d(P<0.05)和45 d(P<0.01)的呼吸频率,并提高了采食完成率,其中15 d的呼吸频率较对照组降低了25次/min。(3)发酵中药对试验前期羊的表观消化率并无显著性影响(P>0.05),但显著提高了试验后期干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分和钙的表观消化率(P<0.05)。(4)发酵中药显著降低了血液白细胞数量、中性粒细胞数量及中性粒细胞百分比(P<0.01),且显著提高了淋巴细胞百分比(P<0.05)。(5)发酵中药显著降低血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量(P≤0.01),并提高闭锁小带蛋白-1(ZO-1)、跨膜蛋白-1(claudin-1)和闭锁蛋白(occludin)的含量(P<0.05)。同时,发酵中药还可以提高瘤胃及空肠上皮黏膜中分泌型免疫球蛋白A的含量(P<0.05),并降低了瘤胃黏膜中IL-1β及IL-6的含量,提高了瘤胃黏膜claudin-1的含量(P<0.05)。对于空肠黏膜,发酵中药显著降低了IL-6含量(P<0.05),并提高ZO-1和claudin-1的含量(P<0.01)。结果表明,日粮中添加发酵中药可缓解热应激对育肥羔生长性能的影响,并改善机体免疫性能。

In view of the current heat stress situation of fattening lambs in summer,the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding fermented Chinese herbal in feed on growth performance,apparent digestibility and immune performance of fattening lambs.The 160 fattening lambs were used and randomly divided into two groups,including the control group and fermented Chinese herb(FCH)group.The lambs in control group were fed with a basic diet,and the FCH group was supplemented with 1.0%FCH(dry matter basis).The trial period was 90 d,the temperature-humidity index(THI)was 79.04for the early period(d 1-45),and the lambs were in a moderate heat stress state,and the lambs were in a non-heat stress state in the late period(d 46-90).The results showed that:(1)The FCH increased the daily gain of fattening lambs(P<0.05)and reduced the feed-to-weight ratio(P<0.01),especially in early period,the daily feed intake was increased by 11.5%in FCH group(P<0.01)compared with the control.(2)The FCH reduced respiratory rate of lambs on both d 15(P<0.05)and d 45(P<0.01),and improved completion rate of lambs feeding.The respiratory rate in FCH group was reduced by 25times per min compared with the control on d 15.(3)The FCH demonstrated no difference(P>0.05)between two groups in apparent digestibility for early period;however,the FCH improved apparent digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,ether extract,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,coarse ash and calcium in late period(P<0.05).(4)The FCH reduced number of blood white cells,neutrophils number,and neutrophils percentage(P<0.01),and increased lymphocytes percentage(P<0.05).(5)The FCH reduced the serum levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and interleukin-6(IL-6)(P≤0.01),and increased the content of zonula occluden-1(ZO-1),claudin-1,and occludin(P<0.05).In addition,the FCH also increased the contents of secretory immunoglobulin A in epithelial mucosa in rumen and jejunum(P<0.05),while reduced IL-1βand IL-6contents in rumen mucosa,and increased the rumen mucosa claudin-1content(P<0.05).For jejunum mucosa,FCH decreased IL-6content(P<0.05),and increased the content of ZO-1and claudin-1(P<0.01).In summary,the FCH could alleviate the effect of heat stress on growth performance and improve immune performance in fattening lambs.