信息公开滥诉问题的诉源治理之道

The Way to Deal with the Source of Litigation on the Issue of Information Disclosure Abuse

政府信息公开制度的成效与民众积极、理性行使公开申请权密切相关。囿于政府信息公开的给付行政性质,相对人滥用申请权、滥用诉权的情况并不鲜见,给信息公开秩序、司法秩序带来负面影响。“陆红霞案”作为最高人民法院公报案例,创造性地提出了“严格审查起诉”等滥诉治理思路,但实际效果并不明显。随着诉源治理观嵌入行政审判,“诉求探察—诉因分析—诉权治理”成为研究信息公开滥诉问题的新进路。实证研究表明,滥诉行为人的诉求集中表现为“报复型”“抗议型”“精明型”三类。“诉讼成本低”“起诉门槛低”是滥用诉权的外在诉因,“既有争议未实质性解决”“政府信息具有用性”是滥用诉权的内在诉因。据此,提高行权成本调控诉讼意愿,根据诉求分类规范诉权,可成为信息公开滥诉问题的治理之策。

The effectiveness of government information disclosure system is closely related to people’s active and rational exercise of public application right.Constrained by the administrative nature of government information disclosure,it is not uncommon for the relative party to abuse the right to apply and the right to sue,which has a negative impact on the order of information disclosure and judicial order."Lu Hongxia case",as a case of the Supreme People’s Court bulletin,creatively put forward the idea of"strict examination and prosecution",but the actual effect is not obvious.With the concept of litigation source governance embedded in administrative trial,"appeal exploration-cause analysislitigation right governance"has become a new way to study the problem of information disclosure and abuse of litigation.According to the empirical analysis,the appeals of the doers of litigation abuse are mainly manifested as"retaliatory","protest"and"shrewd"."Low litigation cost"and"low litigation threshold"are external causes of abuse of litigation right,while"existing disputes have not been substantively resolved"and"government information has utility"are internal causes of abuse of litigation right.Therefore,improving the cost of exercising the right to control the litigation willingness and standardizing the litigation right according to the classification of demands can be a governance strategy for the abuse of litigation in information disclosure.